Surface Rock Displacement Characteristics and Waste Rock Backfill Scheme of Open Pit under the Underground Mining Disturbance
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摘要:
无底柱分段崩落法常应用于黑色金属露天转地下矿山，该方法易引起露天采场边坡失稳，影响矿区周边建（构）筑物的安全。以地表斜坡坡度较陡且地形切割强烈的李家河铁矿为研究对象，依据地表航拍点云数据和生产平面图建立精细的数值模型，采用数值模拟研究地下持续开采扰动作用下的露天坑地表岩移特征，并结合地势、植被、农作物和公路等因素，对比优选合理可行的地表废石充填方案。结果显示，随着矿体逐步向深部开采，受地形和矿体分布影响，Ⅰ号矿坑呈现局部零星破坏，Ⅱ号矿坑以东北侧区域破坏为主，Ⅰ号矿坑地表沉降变化范围小于Ⅱ号矿坑，最终优选出从侧壁向中间靠拢再向北侧推进的地表废石充填方案。
Abstract:The non−pillar sublevel caving method is often used in the black metal mines with open−pit to underground, which can easily cause instability of open−pit slopes and threaten the safety of surrounding buildings in the mining area. Taking the Lijiahe Iron Mine with steep surface slopes and strong terrain cutting as the research object, a detailed numerical model was constructed based on the surface aerial point cloud data and the production plans. The numerical simulation was used to study the surface rock movement characteristics of open−pit pits under the action of continuous underground mining disturbance. In combination with the factors such as terrain, vegetation, crops, and roads, a feasible surface waste rock filling scheme was compared and selected. The results showed that the No.1 mine pit showed local sporadic damage, while the No.2 mine pit was mainly damaged in the north−eastern area under the deep mining and the terrain and distribution of the ore body. The overall surface subsidence stability of the No.1 mine pit was better than that of the No.2 mine pit. Finally, a surface waste rock filling scheme was selected that moves from the sidewall to the centre and then northwards.
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表 1 矿岩物理力学参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of ore and rock
岩组类别 密度/(kg·m−3) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 内凝聚力/MPa 内摩擦角/(°) 抗拉强度/MPa 抗压强度/MPa 第四系 1610 0.03 0.28 0.0045 19.21 0.007 0.1 白云大理岩 2870 27.65 0.29 14.79 29.60 1.45 57.52 绿色层 2760 16.56 0.26 11.66 33.40 0.75 38.40 矿化大理岩 2880 29.34 0.27 16.75 30.42 1.62 58.39 磁铁矿 3730 34.80 0.31 6.11 39.95 1.53 55.51 废石充填体 2000 0.20 0.40 0.01 18.00 0.01 0.5 
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