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摘要:
浮选是一种根据物料表面物理化学性质（主要指润湿性）的差异在气、液、固三相流中对物料进行分离和提纯的技术，常用于矿物的分选。对矿物基本浮选行为、表面电性、吸附及溶液化学行为等的研究，是确定浮选药剂与矿物表面相互作用机理的基本方法，但对许多复杂浮选体系，更需要各种现代测试方法去表征或证明这些作用机理，更清楚地从微观层面揭示浮选药剂与矿物表面相互作用的本质。综合分析了成像分析技术如原子力显微镜（AFM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM） 和表面成分分析技术如Zeta电位、红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、飞行时间二次离子质谱（TOF−SIMS） 等测试方法在浮选中的应用和研究现状，为今后浮选界面测试发展提供参考。
Abstract:Flotation is a technology that separates and purifies materials in a three−phase flow of gas, liquid, and solid based on the differences in physical and chemical properties (mainly referring to wettability) of the material surface. It is widely used for mineral separation. Studying the basic flotation behavior, wettability, surface electrical properties, adsorption, and solution chemistry of minerals is a fundamental method for determining the interaction mechanism between flotation agents and mineral surfaces. However, for many complex flotation systems, various modern testing methods are required to characterize or prove these interaction mechanisms, and to reveal the essence of the interaction between flotation agents and mineral surfaces more clearly at the microscopic level. This article comprehensively analyzes the application and research status of imaging analysis techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface composition analysis techniques such as Zeta potential, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X−ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF−SIMS) in flotation, providing reference for the better development of flotation interface testing in the future.
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Key words:
- flotation /
- test technology /
- imaging analysis /
- surface composition analysis
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图 4 氟碳铈矿(Bst)与新奇钙铈矿形(Syn)成纳米级的体衍生结构[20]，图中左上角插图为map方框位置为Ce（红色）和Ca（绿色）叠加的元素面分布图
Figure 4.
表 1 常见药剂的红外光谱分析
Table 1. Infrared spectroscopic analysis of common agents
药剂 作用矿物 红外光谱分析 结论 维纶胶WLG
（抑制剂）滑石 3675.72 cm−1和665.07 cm−1处的特征峰是滑石中Mg−O的拉伸振动和弯曲振动导致，而在467.76 cm−1处的特征峰是滑石中Si−O的
拉伸振动导致，而这两个位置的峰无明显变化WLG在矿物表面发
生物理吸附[44]油酸钠NaOL
（捕收剂）菱镁矿 在 2921.68 和2852.50 cm−1处观察到条带，表明油酸钠被Mg表面
吸收，在2921.31 和2851.26 cm−1处有微小位移油酸钠在菱镁矿表面
发生了化学吸附[45]水解马来酸酐HPMA（抑制剂） 白云石 HPMA分子中的 1181.83 cm−1(C−O振动)和1726.58 cm−1(C−O振动)改变出现了1204.13 cm−1和1662.57 cm−1的新条带，发生22.30 cm−1
和64.01 cm−1的显著位移HPMA与白云石发生化学吸附[46] 
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