Evolution Characteristics of Groundwater System in Deep Mining Areas in Western China Based on Feflow Software
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摘要:
西部某深部矿区分布着水量丰富、水质优良的第四系潜水和白垩系洛河组含水层，是查干淖水厂饮用水水源及湖泊湿地重要补给源，该区域地下水资源保护要求高，水环境敏感。为了给矿区未来采煤安全生产和水资源综合利用提供可靠依据，首先通过相似模拟实验确定2 − 2煤开采后导水裂隙带发育高度；其次运用数值模拟法，定性描述各含水层相互影响及时空演化规律，定量描述各含水层补给与排泄主控因子及矿井涌水量。结果表明：（1）矿区导水裂隙带发育高度最大为148 m，未贯穿安定组隔水层；（2）采动导致直罗组及延安组水位明显下降，形成降水漏斗，白垩系志丹群含水层开采前后水位变化不明显；（3）矿区一井涌水量为
17032 m³/d。研究揭示了煤炭开采覆岩裂隙场和渗流场演化规律，为矿区“保水采煤”提供理论基础。Abstract:In the deep mining area of western China, there are abundant and high−quality Quaternary phreatic water and Cretaceous Luohe Formation aquifers, which serve as crucial recharge sources for the Chagannao Water Plant's drinking water supply and lake wetlands. This region exhibits high requirements for groundwater resource protection and sensitive water environments. This study aims to provide a reliable basis for future safe coal mining and comprehensive water resource utilization in the mining area. The research first determines the development height of water−conducting fracture zones after mining the 2−2 coal seam through similar simulation experiments. Subsequently, numerical simulation methods are employed to qualitatively describe the mutual influences and spatiotemporal evolution patterns among aquifers, while quantitatively analyzing the main controlling factors of aquifer recharge/discharge and mine water inflow. Key findings include: (1) The maximum height of water−conducting fractures reaches 148 m, not penetrating the Anding Formation aquiclude; (2) Mining activities cause significant water level decline in Zhiluo and Yan'an Formations, forming depression cones, while the Cretaceous Zhidan Group aquifer shows negligible water level changes; (3) The mine water inflow is calculated to be 17 032 m³/d. This study reveals the evolution patterns of overburden fracture fields and seepage fields during coal mining, and provides theoretical support for implementing "water−preserved coal mining" strategies in the area.
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表 1 水文地质参数
Table 1. List of hydrogeological parameters
含隔水层分区 渗透系数 /(m·d−1) Kx Ky Kz 第四系含水层 3.95～12 3.95～12 3.95～12 志丹群含水层 0.178～1.5 0.178～1.5 0.017 8~0.15 安定组隔水层 0.000 531～
0.020 40.000 531～
0.020 40.000 0531～
0.002 04安定组越流区域 0.2 0.2 0.02 直罗组含水层 0.007~1.4 0.007~1.4 0.000 7~0.14 延安组隔水层 1e−7 1e−7 1e−8 
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表 2 主要含水层地下水均衡
Table 2. Groundwater budget in main aquifers
含水层 补给排泄 类型 水量/（d·m−3） 占比/% 第四系 补给项 侧向补给 13 508 44.97 降雨+河流补给 14 798 49.27 越流补给 78 2.32 2.6 释水补给 947.88 3.16 排泄项 径流排泄 29 297 97.54 岩层储水 739.74 2.46 白垩系志丹群 补给项 径流补给 18 330 98.03 释水补给 336.93 1.81 其他补给 30.59 0.16 排泄项 径流排泄 18 550 99.21 岩层储水 147.52 0.79 侏罗系直罗组及延安组 补给项 释水补给 4 531.3 26.59 径流补给 12 509 73.41 排泄项 岩层储水 8.3 0.05 矿井排水 17 032 99.95
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