Fracture Propagation Law and Controlling Factors of Hydraulic Fracturing Based on Micro Seismic Monitoring
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摘要:
水力压裂是弱化煤层坚硬顶板，解决井下强矿压、大面积悬顶等动力灾害的关键技术。准确掌握水力压裂过程中坚硬顶板裂隙扩展规律，对于压裂精准施工和效果评价具有重要意义。以渭北某矿井水力压裂工程为背景，采用微震监测技术监测顶板压裂过程中裂隙扩展过程，揭示顶板裂隙扩展规律，评价顶板水力压裂效果并探讨其控制因素。微震监测结果表明：4203工作面坚硬顶板水力压裂过程中顶板裂隙随压裂不断向两侧动态扩展，运输巷道侧裂隙扩展范围为26~33 m，辅运巷道侧扩展范围30~42 m。卸压钻孔监测数据显示辅运巷道侧裂隙扩展范围较大，达到42 m，与微震监测结果基本一致，说明裂隙已经扩展至卸压孔孔底位置，水力压裂效果较好。水力压裂过程中压裂裂隙的扩展范围与压力和压裂时长呈正相关关系，且压裂裂隙的扩展范围同时受到周边采空区的影响。研究成果为精准评价工作面坚硬顶板水力压裂效果提供了科学依据，为微震监测技术在煤矿领域的深入应用奠定基础。
Abstract:Hydraulic fracturing was the key technology to weaken the hard roof of coal seam and solve the dynamic disasters such as strong underground pressure and large area hanging roof. Accurately understanding the propagation law of hard roof fractures during hydraulic fracturing is of great significance for precise fracturing construction and effect evaluation. Taking the hydraulic fracturing project of a mine in northern Shaanxi as the object, the microseismic monitoring technology was used to monitor the process of fracture expansion in the process of roof fracturing, reveal the law of roof fracture propagation law, evaluate the effect of roof hydraulic fracturing and discuss its influencing factors. The microseismic monitoring results indicate that in the process of hydraulic fracturing of the hard roof of the 4203 working face, the roof cracks dynamically expand on both sides with the progress of fracturing, and the final extension range of cracks on the side of transportation roadway is 26 ~ 33 m, and that of the auxiliary transportation roadway is 30 ~ 42 m. The verification of the pressure relief drilling show that the fracture range on the side of the auxiliary roadway is up to 42 m, which is basically consistent with the microseismic monitoring results, indicating that the fracture has been extended to the bottom of the pressure relief hole, and the hydraulic fracturing effect is better. In the process of hydraulic fracturing, the expansion range of fracturing fracture is positively correlated with pressure and fracturing time, and the expansion range of fracturing fracture is also related to the goaf. The results provide the groundwork for the extensive use of microseismic monitoring technologies in the coal mining industry and offer a scientific basis for precisely assessing the hydraulic fracturing effect of the hard top plate in the working face.
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表 1 裂隙扩展微震监测结果
Table 1. Monitoring results of microseismic propagation of fractures
压裂
段次最大
水压/MPa压裂
时长/min微震
事件/个运输巷道侧
裂隙扩展
距离/m辅运巷道侧
裂隙扩展
距离/m2 16.6 108 21 31 32 3 17.1 132 38 27 42 4 16.0 126 27 31 30 5 17.5 103 23 26 33 7 20.0 101 26 26 30 
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