铜铅锌混合精矿的矿物学特征分析及分离效率探究

谢海云; 柳彦昊; 纪翠翠; 晋艳玲; 张培; 田小松; 刘榕鑫

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202011220152

铜铅锌混合精矿的矿物学特征分析及分离效率探究

1.
昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院, 云南昆明 650093

2.
云南铜业矿山研究院, 云南昆明 650093

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金项目（52064027）

详细信息

作者简介: 谢海云, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事矿物加工和湿法冶金研究。E-mail: xie-haiyun@163.com

通讯作者: 纪翠翠, 硕士, 高级实验师, 从事矿物加工专业。E-mail: 15887860811@139.com

中图分类号: P575

收稿日期: 2020-11-12

修回日期: 2021-06-08

录用日期: 2021-07-02

刊出日期: 2021-07-28

Mineralogical Analysis of Copper-Lead-Zinc Mixed Concentrate and Study on Separation Efficiency

1.
Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

2.
Yunnan Copper Mine Research Institute, Kunming 650093, China

More Information

Corresponding author: JI Cui-cui, 15887860811@139.com

Received Date: 12 November 2020

Revised Date: 08 June 2021

Accepted Date: 02 July 2021

Publish Date: 28 July 2021

摘要

摘要:
中国云南省有大量的铜铅锌多金属硫化矿资源，该类矿产资源的高效选矿分离是影响企业经济效益的主要问题之一。针对云南迪庆地区的硫化混合精矿，该混合精矿铜、铅、锌三种有价金属共存，分离难度较大，导致其产品难以销售或冶炼。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射法和矿物解离度分析（MLA）等多种检测方法，对该混合精矿的主要元素含量、矿物组成、物相组成、主要目的矿物的嵌布特性和单体解离度等进行分析研究。研究结果表明，该混合精矿的粒度较细，各矿物之间存在一定的相互连生或包裹现象，目的矿物黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的单体解离度中等偏低，为69.28%~70.56%。初步预测该混合精矿中铜、铅和锌的理论选矿分离效率依次为71.63%、62.97%和72.72%。根据实验分析结果，本文提出进一步提高该混合精矿的磨矿细度促使金属矿物充分解离，是提升铜、铅、锌各矿物选矿分离效率的关键途径。
- 混合精矿 /
- 矿物解离度分析 /
- 单体解离度 /
- 理论分离效率 /
- 工艺矿物学
Abstract: BACKGROUND
There are large amounts of copper-lead-zinc polymetallic sulfide ore resources in Yunnan Province, China, but the efficient separation of these resources remains a major problem.
OBJECTIVES
To improve the separation efficiency of valuable minerals in mixed concentrates.
METHODS
In this study, the major elemental content, phase composition, mineral composition, particle size characteristics, and monomer liberation degree of a mixed concentrate were analyzed using a variety of modern detection methods such as chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and mineral liberation analysis (MLA).
RESULTS
The results showed that the mixed concentrate had fine particles, and some minerals occurred as intergrowths or inclusions. The monomer liberation degree of the target minerals chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite was medium to low, ranging from 69.28% to 70.56%. It was preliminarily predicted that the theoretical separation efficiencies of copper, lead, and zinc in the mixed concentrate were 71.63%, 62.97% and 72.72%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Improving the grinding fineness of mixed concentrates to promote the full liberation of metal minerals is a key way to improve the separation efficiency of copper, lead, and zinc minerals.
- mixed concentrate /
- mineral liberation analysis /
- single liberation degree /
- theoretical separation efficiency /
- process mineralogy

HTML全文

图 1 混合精矿的X射线衍射分析图谱

Figure 1.

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图 2 混合精矿偏光显微镜分析(放大160倍)

Figure 2.

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图 3 混合精矿偏光显微镜分析(放大400倍)

Figure 3.

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表 1 混合精矿样品化学成分分析结果

Table 1. Analytical results of components in mixed concentrates

化学成分	含量(%)	化学成分	含量(%)
Cu	11.94	SiO₂	5.42
Pb	15.78	Al₂O₃	0.53
Zn	7.18	MgO	0.50
S	28.21	CaO	1.95
Sn	0.42	TFe	27.45
Ag	669×10^-4	As	0.24

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表 2 混合精矿主要矿物组成

Table 2. Main mineral compositions of mixed concentrates

矿物名称	分子式	含量(%)
黄铜矿	CuFeS₂	34.33
黄铁矿	FeS₂	17.91
方铅矿	PbS	18.22
闪锌矿	ZnS	11.01
菱铁矿	FeCO₃	3.96
白云石	Ca(Mg, Fe)(CO₃)₂	2.30
方解石	CaCO₃	3.13
石英	SiO₂	4.80
高岭石	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	1.34
其他	/	3.00
合计	/	100.00

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表 3 混合精矿中铜、铅、锌物相分析

Table 3. Analytical results of copper, lead and zinc phases in mixed concentrates

铜矿物	含量(%)	分布率(%)
硫化铜	11.85	98.75
游离氧化铜	0.10	0.83
结合氧化铜	0.03	0.25
胆矾	0.02	0.17
总计	12.00	100.00

铅矿物	含量(%)	分布率(%)
方铅矿	9.26	62.40
白铅矿	2.76	18.60
铅矾	2.66	17.92
铅铁钒及其他	0.16	1.08
总计	14.84	100.00

锌矿物	含量(%)	分布率(%)
硫化锌	7.10	93.67
氧化锌	0.40	5.28
锌铁尖晶石及其他	0.07	1.05
总计	7.58	100.00

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表 4 混合精矿粒度分布分析结果

Table 4. Analytical results of particle size distribution for mixed concentrates

混合精矿粒级(mm)	产率(%)	品位(%)			金属分布率(%)
混合精矿粒级(mm)	产率(%)	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cu	Pb	Zn
+0.045(+325目)	3.57	9.49	1.61	2.39	3.13	0.40	1.33
-0.045~+0.038(-325~+400目)	1.83	8.84	1.32	2.25	1.49	0.16	0.64
-0.038~+0.023(-400目~+600目)	58.32	16.26	14.28	7.543	87.50	57.67	68.45
-0.023~+0.019(-600目~+800目)	32.16	2.36	17.39	5.36	7.00	38.73	26.87
-0.019(-800目)	4.12	2.31	10.64	4.21	0.88	3.04	2.71
合计	100.00	10.84	14.44	6.42	100.00	100.00	100.00

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表 5 黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿的解离度特征

Table 5. Liberation characteristics of chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite

矿物名称	解离度	解离水平	区间解离度(%)	累计解离度(%)
黄铜矿	100%	完全解离	69.28	69.28
	75% < x < 100%	3/4解离~完全解离	12.72	75.51
	50% < x≤75%	1/2解离~3/4解离	8.57	84.08
	25% < x≤50%	1/4解离~1/2解离	8.28	92.36
	0%≤x≤25%	未解离~1/4解离	7.64	100.00
方铅矿	100%	完全解离	70.56	70.56
	75% < x < 100%	3/4解离~完全解离	10.18	75.91
	50% < x≤75%	1/2解离~3/4解离	5.04	80.95
	25% < x≤50%	1/4解离~1/2解离	6.20	87.15
	0%≤x≤25%	未解离~1/4解离	12.85	100.00
闪锌矿	100%	完全解离	70.34	70.34
	75% < x < 100%	3/4解离~完全解离	17.91	83.79
	50% < x≤75%	1/2解离~3/4解离	5.92	89.70
	25% < x≤50%	1/4解离~1/2解离	5.17	94.87
	0%≤x≤25%	未解离~1/4解离	5.13	100.00

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