Chemical Phase Analysis of Lithium in Pegmatitic Lithium Ores
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摘要:
伟晶岩型锂矿石中产出的锂云母和锂辉石是重要的提锂原料，化学物相分析能够为这类锂矿石的地质勘探、矿床评价和高效选冶等提供重要的技术支撑。由于各类含锂矿物在化学性质上非常相似，目前尚未见与锂矿石化学物相分析相关的报道。本文建立了一种针对伟晶岩型锂矿中锂进行化学物相分析的方法。将锂物相分为铁锂云母中锂、锂云母中锂和锂辉石中锂三相。采用稀盐酸选择性浸出铁锂云母中锂，浓硫酸选择性浸出锂云母中锂，最后残渣用氢氟酸挥发除硅，王水溶解测定锂辉石中锂，并探索确立了各相态的最佳浸出条件。通过对川西某锂矿中锂物相进行6次分析，得到各相态锂的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.27%～3.79%，均小于5%，各相态锂的加和与总锂结果的相对偏差为1.22%，小于5%，说明该方法适用于伟晶岩型锂矿石中锂的化学物相分析。
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关键词:
- 锂 /
- 锂矿石 /
- 化学物相分析 /
- 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法
Abstract:Chemical phase analysis can provide important technical guidance for geological exploration, deposit evaluation and high efficiency metallurgy of lithium ore. Because many lithium minerals are very similar in chemical properties, there are no reports related to the chemical phase analysis of lithium ores. Pegmatitic lithium ore is an important kind of lithium ore, in which lepidolite and spodumene are important raw materials for extracting lithium. In this research, a method for chemical phase analysis of lithium in pegmatitic lithium ores was established to determine the content of lithium in each lithium mineral. The lithium was divided into three phases: zinnwaldite, lithium mica, and spodumene. Dilute hydrochloric acid was used to selectively leach lithium from zinnwaldite, concentrated sulfuric acid was used to dissolve lithium from lithium mica, and aqua regia was used to dissolve lithium from spodumene. The optimal leaching conditions of each phase was explored and established. According to the analysis of lithium phase in lithium ores in Western Sichuan for 6 repetitions, the relative standard deviation of each phase was 1.27%−3.79% and the relative deviation of the sum and the total lithium was 1.22%, all less than 5%, indicating that this method is suitable for the chemical phase analysis of lithium in pegmatitic lithium ores.
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表 1 川西某矿区锂矿石的矿物组成及含量
Table 1. Mineral composition and content of lithium ores in Western Sichuan
矿物 含量(%) 矿物 含量(%) 云母 20.93 斜长石 19.04 锂辉石 10.53 高岭石 1.77 石英 28.75 赤铁矿 1.46 铝土矿 3.33 钾长石 9.75 石榴石 1.78 磷灰石 0.39 
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表 2 硫酸溶液浓度对单矿物浸出率的影响
Table 2. Effect of sulfuric acid solution concentration on leaching rate of monominerals
单矿物 不同硫酸溶液浓度下单矿物浸出率(%) 50%硫酸 67%硫酸 浓硫酸 锂云母 10.23 37.17 97.89 锂辉石 0.62 1.85 2.68
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表 3 反应温度对单矿物在硫酸中浸出率的影响
Table 3. Effect of temperature on leaching rate of monominerals in sulfuric acid
单矿物 不同反应温度下单矿物浸出率(%) 160℃ 180℃ 200℃ 220℃ 锂云母 90.23 97.17 97.89 98.57 锂辉石 1.36 1.50 2.68 8.92
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表 4 锂物相精密度结果
Table 4. Precision test results of Li in each phase
锂的相态 锂含量的测定值(%) 锂含量测定平均值
(%)RSD
(%)铁锂云母中锂 0.041 0.040 0.038 0.038 0.039 0.038 0.040 3.79 锂云母中锂 0.430 0.440 0.450 0.440 0.420 0.430 0.440 2.41 锂辉石中锂 0.340 0.330 0.330 0.350 0.350 0.330 0.340 2.91 各相态锂加和 0.811 0.810 0.818 0.828 0.809 0.797 0.820 1.27 锂的总和 0.811 0.813 0.809 0.816 0.823 0.813 0.810 0.60
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表 5 实际锂矿石样品中锂的相态分析结果
Table 5. Phase analysis results of Li in actual lithium ore samples
样品名称 铁锂云母中
锂含量
(%)锂云母中
锂含量
(%)锂辉石中
锂含量
(%)相态之和
(%)总锂含量
(%)精矿 0.050 0.66 0.86 1.570 1.55 中矿 0.030 0.24 0.21 0.480 0.47 尾矿 0.021 0.19 0.14 0.351 0.34
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