CHARACTERISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION OF SURFACE SEDIMENTS IN HONGTANG BAY OF SANYA, HAINAN ISLAND
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摘要:
根据红塘湾海域不同时期海床表层沉积物资料，分析研究该海域表层沉积物分布与泥沙运动特征。结果显示：该海域近岸海床表层泥沙颗粒较粗，主要以中粗砂和粗中砂为主；5~10 m等深线之间，底质以中砂和中细砂为主；10~12 m等深线附近以细砂为主，12 m等深线以外底质主要为粉砂和黏土类；底质泥沙颗粒从岸向海逐渐变细。在波流共同作用下，当地泥沙较易起动，波浪对泥沙运动起到关键性作用；该岸段沿岸输沙量级不大，而且保持相对稳定状态，其输沙性质与弧形海岸的动力环境和地形特征相一致。目前各段海岸泥沙运动近似于动态平衡，没有大规模的冲刷和堆积现象。
Abstract:Distribution and transportation of surface sediments are analyzed in this paper based on grain size data. Results show that: (1) bottom sediment particle is generally getting finer from land to sea. Within the water depth of 5 m, coarse sand and coarse-medium sand dominate; (2) the sediment is mainly medium sand and fine sand in the area between 5 - 10 m in water depth; (3) fine sand dominates the area of 10 ~ 12 m in depth, while in the area deeper than 12m, silt and clay dominate. Waves play a key role in initiation of sediment moving. Under the action of wave flow, sediments are easy to start moving. Longshore sediment transportation is limited, but remains in a relatively stable status. The sediment transport is consistent with the hydrodynamic and topographic features. At present, the sediment is under a status of dynamic balance and no large-scale erosion and/or deposition is expectable.
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表 1 近岸水流作用下泥沙起动流速计算结果
Table 1. Critical starting velocity under the action of the current
水深/m 中值粒径/ mm 实验起动流速/(m/s) 计算起动流速/(m/s) 实测大潮最大流速/(m/s) 窦国仁公式 张瑞瑾公式 5 0.60 0.42~0.50 0.43 0.48 0.37~0.44 
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表 2 不同波况作用下不同粒径泥沙的临界起动水深
Table 2. The critical water depth of sediment under different wave function
/m /m 特征波况 起动状态 0.125 mm 0.25 mm 0.5 mm 1.0 mm 2.0 mm H=0.9 m 表层起动 3.0 2.3 1.7 1.1 0.8 T=4.6 s 完全起动 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 H=2.8 m 表层起动 10.7 9 7.4 5.8 4.4 T=6.4 s 完全起动 5.7 4.4 3.3 2.4 1.6 H=5.2 m 表层起动 21.6 18.7 15.8 13.0 10.3 T=8.4 s 完全起动 12.4 10.0 7.8 5.9 4.2
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