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摘要:
北美圣劳伦斯地台发育的奥陶系Utica海相页岩是加拿大魁北克省的页岩油气潜在有利区。以这套页岩为研究对象，基于野外露头和钻井岩心样品，综合运用了场发射扫描电镜、TIMA集成矿物分析系统和有机地球化学分析等多种分析测试手段，系统研究了Utica页岩的矿物组成和有机质特征，分析了孔隙特征及其影响因素。研究结果表明：Utica页岩经历了从成熟—高成熟阶段至过成熟阶段的热演化过程，有机质含量较高；Utica页岩矿物成分以方解石、石英、长石和黏土矿物为主，含少量白云石及黄铁矿等，且页岩样品随热演化程度的增加而表现为方解石含量逐渐减小，长石和石英含量逐渐增加，黏土矿物含量变化不大；其孔隙类型主要为基质孔隙（粒间孔隙和粒内孔隙）、有机质孔隙和裂隙，且平均孔隙度随埋藏深度的增加呈现降低的趋势；埋藏热演化和成岩作用对孔隙影响较为明显，成熟—高成熟阶段主要的孔隙类型为有机质孔隙，碳酸盐胶结会显著降低孔隙度，黏土矿物粒内孔隙较为发育并对总孔隙度有一定贡献，而过成熟阶段的压实作用构成了该阶段孔隙演化的主要因素，进一步降低了页岩孔隙空间，孔隙类型则多以基质孔隙为主。
Abstract:The Ordovician Utica marine shale developed on the St. Lawrence Platform of Quebec, Canada is a set of deposits with great potential of shale oil and shale gas. Based on outcrop and drilling core samples, field emission scanning electron microscope, TIMA integrated mineral analysis system and organic geochemical analysis are used to systematically study the mineral composition and organic matters of the shale, so as to reveal pore characteristics and their influencing factors. The results show that the organic matters in the Utica shale are relatively rich and have undergone a thermal evolution process from mature or high-mature stage to over-mature stage as the depth increases. The shale mainly consists of calcite, quartz, feldspar and clay minerals, with a small amount of dolomite and pyrite. With the increase in thermal evolution degree, calcite decreases, feldspar and quartz increase gradually, while the content of clay minerals remains little changed. Pores can be classified into types of matrix pores (intergranular pore and intragranular pore), organic matter (OM) pores and fractures. Average porosity shows a decreasing trend with the increase in burial depth. Further analysis shows that the impact of buried thermal evolution and diagenesis are obvious on porosity evolution. In mature or high-mature stage, organic matter pores dominate. Carbonate cementation may significantly reduce porosity, but clay minerals have well developed internal pores and contribute to certain extent to the total. In contrast, shale pore spaces are greatly diminished by compaction, and thus the over-mature stage is mostly predominated by matrix pores.
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Key words:
- Utica shale /
- Ordovician /
- mineral composition /
- shale gas /
- pore characteristics /
- Quebec
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表 1 Utica页岩矿物组分分析及不同技术方法结果对比
Table 1. Mineral composition statistics and comparison based on XRD or TIMA analysis of Utica shale
矿物 Utica页岩岩心样品
（XRD分析结果）①Utica页岩岩心样品
（XRD分析结果）②Utica页岩岩心样品（XRD分析结果）③ Utica页岩Cap Santé剖面样品
（本次TIMA集成矿物分析结果）400～700 m 2 000 m Utica上段 Utica下段
（1 487 m）Utica下段
（1 584 m）方解石 （55.5±14.6）% （47.2±7.3）% 30%～80% 20%～25% 65%～70% 55%～60% 45% 石英和长石 （15.1±4.2）% （22.8±5.1）% ≥30% 25%～30% 10%～15% 10%～15% 30% 白云石 2.65% 3.9% — — — — 2% 黏土矿物 ≈23% ≈22% 20%～30% 25%～30% 5～10% 5%～15% 16% 注：①岩心样品取自Junex Saint Augustin De Desmaures 1井、Junex Becancour 8井和Talisman Energy Saint-Edouard 1井；②岩心样品取自本区水力压裂测试井；③岩心样品取自圣劳伦斯Lowlands 地区钻井；Utica页岩岩心样品XRD分析结果据文献[12, 34, 41]整理总结。 
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表 2 魁北克Utica页岩与其他地区页岩矿物成分对比
Table 2. Comparison of mineral composition between Utica shale in Quebec and the shale in other areas
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