Geological characteristics at 51°E (Segment 26) of the Southwest Indian Ridge: implication to submarine hydrothermal activity
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摘要:
在海底多金属硫化物调查过程中，对于已知热液区需要精细地质填图工作，而这种填图往往存在覆盖面积较小、所包含的地质要素较少以及与区域构造作用和岩浆活动联系不足等问题。基于历年大洋航次在西南印度洋中脊#26洋脊段（51° E区域）所获得的深海光学拖曳系统的资料，结合高精度多波束水深数据，提出一种系统的底质热液异常划分原则，识别出热液蚀变岩石或角砾、疑似热液沉积物、热液生物及其遗骸富集和胶结碳酸盐4种底质热液异常类型。高分辨率海底地质填图结果表明，本区存在4处热液活动的异常区。#26洋脊段热液活动频率值为2～10，至少是全球海底热液活动频率经验公式的1.8倍以上。我们认为在超慢速扩张脊局部熔融异常或者发育非转换不连续带的洋脊段，可能存在更多的海底热液活动，也具有形成大型多金属硫化物矿床的潜力。
Abstract:In the survey of oceanic polymetallic sulphides, detailed geological mapping is needed for a known hydrothermal area, which often covers a small area, contains less geological elements, and is not connected with regional tectonism and magmatism. Based on the data of deep-towed optical system obtained from ocean voyages over the years in the Segment 26 (51°E) of the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), and combined with high-precision multi-beam bathymetric data, we proposed a systematic division principle of substrate hydrothermal anomaly, and identified four types of substrate hydrothermal anomaly: hydrothermal altered rocks or breccia, suspected hydrothermal sediments, hydrothermal organisms and their remains enrichment, and cemented carbonate rocks. The results of high-resolution submarine geological mapping show that there are 4 abnormal areas of hydrothermal activity in Segment 26. The hydrothermal activity occurrence rate of Segment 26 ranged 2～10, which is at least 1.8 times higher of the global one using empirical formula. Therefore, there may be more submarine hydrothermal activities in Segment 26 with melting anomalies or non-transform discontinuities of ultra-slow spreading ridge, and it also has the potential to form large polymetallic sulfide deposits.
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Key words:
- substrate type /
- hydrothermal anomaly /
- Segment 26 /
- Southwest Indian Ridge
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表 1 底质与热液异常的类型及特征
Table 1. Types and characteristics of substrate and hydrothermal anomalies
要素属性 名称 特征描述 底质异常 热液蚀变岩石或角砾 岩石具黄褐色-红褐色蚀变边缘或斑块，破碎程度强 疑似热液沉积物 沉积物呈杂色、夹黄褐色-红褐色；部分站位通过沉积物化探异常确定 热液生物及其遗骸富集 主要为常见的底栖生物群落活动（如珊瑚、藤壶等），也包括已经死亡的各种疑似热液生物遗骸 胶结碳酸盐 固结-半固结沉积物 
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表 2 热液异常区的分布与特征
Table 2. Distribution and characteristics of hydrothermal anomaly areas
异常区 中心位置 水深范围/m 面积/km2 底质类型 热液异常 SN1 37.66°S，57.89°E 2 350～2 650 6.5 沉积物为主，玄武岩与角砾次之 1处热液蚀变角砾 SN2 37.50°S，51.16°E 1 950～2 650 3.3 角砾为主，沉积物与玄武岩较少，有超基性岩出露 1处疑似热液沉积物，2处热液蚀变角砾 SN3 37.51°S，51.25°E 2 000～2 400 8.5 玄武岩为主，沉积物与角砾次之 2处热液蚀变角砾 SN4 37.44°S，51.40°E 1 750～2 650 约18 角砾为主，沉积物与玄武岩较少，有超基性岩出露 4处疑似热液沉积物，3处热液蚀变角砾
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