Sedimentary response of the modern subaqueous Yellow River Delta to channel migrations in the 1855, 1976, and 1996 diversion events
-
摘要:
三角洲尾闾河道摆动会引起入海口位置变迁，进而导致三角洲物源供应与动力过程发生快速调整，引起三角洲沉积演化格局发生重大转变。黄河三角洲因其巨量的入海泥沙供应和频繁的尾闾河道摆动成为研究河流改道影响下三角洲沉积演化的理想区域。本研究通过系统收集前人发表的22根沉积物柱状样的测年数据与粒度资料，结合尾闾改道信息，重点探讨了1855、1976和1996年3期黄河尾闾改道事件对黄河水下三角洲沉积演化的控制机制，对比揭示了水下三角洲不同区域对同一改道事件的空间差异性响应。研究表明，1855年黄河北上重新注入渤海引起黄河水下三角洲物源的快速变化，导致黄河水下三角洲不同区域均表现出沉积物粒度细化，砂含量降低，粒度频率分布曲线由双峰转为单峰为主的特征。1976年黄河由刁口流路改道至清水沟流路，废弃刁口三角洲叶瓣粒度明显粗化，砂含量增加，沉积速率降低，海源有机质对该区有机碳埋藏的影响增加；莱州湾区域和现行河口区域由于黄河细粒泥沙的直接供给，粒度细化，砂含量减少，沉积速率增加。1996年至今黄河行水清8汊流路，刁口区域持续缺少沉积物供应，粒度继续呈现粗化趋势；莱州湾区域主要物源转为沿岸再悬浮物质，粒度粗化；现行河口区域水下三角洲受黄河泥沙直接供给，但由于输运过程中的动力分选及黄河入海泥沙的变化，浅水区及其东北部深水区呈粗化趋势。
Abstract:The migration of deltaic river channels is a major factor affecting the sedimentary evolution pattern of the delta. Due to its large sediment supply and frequent channel migrations, the Yellow River Delta was regarded as an ideal area to address this issue. In this study, we systematically collected the age and particle size data from 22 sediment cores to explore the impacts of the three Yellow River channel migration events on the sedimentary evolution of the Yellow River subaqueous delta and spatial differences in the delta’s response to the same migration event. In 1855, the northward inflow of the Yellow River into the Bohai Bay caused changes in the sedimentary sources and sedimentary dynamics, resulting in refined sediment particle size and a shift in particle size frequency distribution curve. In 1976, the Yellow River was diverted from the Diaokou course to the Qingshuigou course, causing the particle size of abandoned Diaokou subaqueous delta to coarsen with increased sand content and decreased sedimentation rate. Interruption of the terrestrial supply increased the influence of marine organic matter on organic carbon burial. However, the direct supply of fine sediment from the Yellow River caused the fining of particle size seen in sediment cores in the Laizhou Bay and the active river mouth area. Since 1996, the Yellow River has been diverted to the Q8 course, causing a continuously coarsening trend in particle size in the Diaokou area; the main source of sediment in the Laizhou Bay area had changed to eroded coastal materials with coarsening particles; and the active subaqueous delta received the material supply from the Yellow River sediment, but the dynamic sorting during transportation caused a trend of particle coarsening in the shallow area.
-
-
表 1 近代黄河三角洲河道变迁信息
Table 1. Specifications of historical migration of channels of the modern Yellow River delta
序号 行水时间 行水年数/a 入海地点 1 1855年6月—1889年3月 32 夺大清河入海 2 1889年3月—1897年5月 6 由毛丝坨入海 3 1897年5月—1904年6月 7 朱家坨丝网坨向东偏南 4 1904年6月—1929年8月 24 由刁口向东北入海 5 1929年8月—1934年8月 5 由宋春荣沟青坨子入海 6 1934年8月—1938年
1947年—1964年1月4
18神仙沟、甜水沟、宋春荣沟
由四号桩附近入海7 1964年1月—1976年5月 20 由刁口河入海 8 1976年5月—1996年7月 13 由清水沟入海 9 1996年7月至今 - 由清8汊入海 注：“-”代表无确定行水年数。 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 相关钻孔和柱状样基本信息
Table 2. Basic information from related boreholes and cores
序号 柱状样 经度/（°E） 纬度/（°N） 水深/m 全长/cm 测年方法 粒级含量 平均粒径 沉积速率 C/N 数据来源 1 A26 119.82 37.68 18 157.5 210Pb、137Cs √ √ 文献[7] 2 B83 118.86 38.60 - 206.0 据粒度特征及常、微量元素含量变化 √ √ 文献[9] 3 A178 119.29 38.60 - 238.0 √ √ 文献[9] 4 B42 119.79 38.33 - 350.0 137Cs √ √ 文献[24] 5 3-3 118.78 38.31 16.0 232.0 210Pb √ 文献[8] 6 K2 118.90 38.20 10.0 350.0 137Cs √ 文献[25] 7 BH-239 118.91 38.32 19.3 295.0 210Pb、137Cs √ 文献[26] 8 BC1 118.63 38.60 20.0 217.0 210Pb √ √ 文献[19] 9 BC2 119.27 38.6 27.0 238.0 210Pb √ √ 文献[20] 10 O3 118.97 38.62 24.5 50.0 参照渤海沉积速率等值线图 √ √ √ 文献[27] 11 M2 119.31 38.44 24.9 30.0 √ √ √ 文献[27] 12 Z01 119.36 37.71 8.8 250.0 137Cs √ 文献[28] 13 Z02 119.54 37.71 14.5 300.0 137Cs √ 文献[28] 14 Z03 119.73 37.70 14.8 170.0 210Pb、137Cs √ 文献[28] 15 YD02 119.35 37.71 5.1 100.0 据岩性变化和年代-水深数据 √ 文献[29] 16 A25 119.25 37.50 15.0 18.80 据粒度特征和210Pb变化 √ √ 文献[6] 17 P4 119.88 37.70 16.8 31.0 210Pb √ √ 文献[30] 18 9-2 119.67 37.52 16.0 396.0 210Pb √ 文献[8] 19 A11 119.35 37.86 14.0 124.0 137Cs √ √ √ 文献[7] 20 BH-264 119.32 38.15 20.1 295.0 210Pb、137Cs √ 文献[26] 21 B63 119.47 38.17 25.0 32.0 210Pb √ √ 文献[27] 22 A19 119.40 37.63 13.0 24.0 据粒度特征和210Pb变化 √ 文献[6] 注：“-”代表无确定水深，“√”代表对应指标已测试。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] MILLIMAN J D,MEADE R H. World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans[J]. The Journal of Geology,1983,91(1):1-21. doi: 10.1086/628741
[2] WANG S J,LI Y K. Channel variations of the different channel pattern reaches in the lower Yellow River from 1950 to 1999[J]. Quaternary International,2010,244(2):238-247.
[3] 尹明泉,李采. 黄河三角洲河口段海岸线动态及演变预测[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26(6):35-40.
YIN M Q,LI C. Shoreline dynamics and evolution forecast in the Yellow River Delta Estuary[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2006,26(6):35-40.
[4] 成国栋,任于灿,李绍全,等. 现代黄河三角洲河道演变及垂向序列[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,1986,6(2):1-15.
CHENG G D,REN Y C,LI S Q,et al. Channel evolution and sedimentary sequence of modern Huanghe River Delta[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,1986,6(2):1-15.
[5] 彭俊,陈沈良. 近60年黄河水沙变化过程及其对三角洲的影响[J]. 地理学报,2009,64(11):1353-1362. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2009.11.007
PENG J,CHEN S L. The variation process of water and sediment and its effect on the Yellow River Delta over their sixth decades[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(11):1353-1362. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2009.11.007
[6] 任寒寒,范德江,张喜林,等. 黄河入海口变迁的沉积记录:来自粒度和210Pb的证据[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014,34(4):21-29.
REN H H,FAN D J,ZHANG X L,et al. Sedimentary records of the Yellow River mouth migration:evidence from grain-size and 210Pb[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2014,34(4):21-29.
[7] WU X,BI N S,KANAI Y,et al. Sedimentary records off the modern Huanghe (Yellow River) Delta and their response to deltaic river channel shifts over the last 200 years[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2015,108:68-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.04.028
[8] 李凤业,袁巍. 近代黄河三角洲海域210Pb多阶分布与河口变迁[J]. 海洋与湖沼,1992,23(5):566-571.
LI F Y,YUAN W. Stage profiles 210Pb and implication of migration of the channel to the modern Huanghe River Delta[J]. Oceanology et Limnologia Sinica,1992,23(5):566-571.
[9] 廖永杰,范德江,刘明,等. 1855年黄河改道事件在渤海的沉积记录[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(2):88-100.
LIAO Y J,FAN D J,LIU M,et al. Sedimentary records correspond to relocation of Huanghe River in Bohai sea[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China (Natural Science edition),2015,45(2):88-100.
[10] 仲德林,刘建立. 黄河改道后河口至黄河海港海岸冲淤变化研究[J]. 海洋测绘,2003,23(1):49-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-3044.2003.01.014
ZHONG D L,LIU J L. Research on the scour-and-fill structure from the river mouth to the harbor bank of Yellow River after the diversion[J]. Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2003,23(1):49-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-3044.2003.01.014
[11] 刘勇,李广雪,邓声贵,等. 黄河废弃三角洲海底冲淤演变规律研究[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(3):27-34.
LIU Y,LI G X,DENG S G,et al. Evolution of erosion and accumulation in the abandoned subaqueous delta lobe of the Yellow River[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2002,22(3):27-34.
[12] 韩广轩,栗云召,于君宝,等. 黄河改道以来黄河三角洲演变过程及其驱动机制[J]. 应用生态学报,2011,22(2):467-472.
HAN G X,LI Y Z,YU J B,et al. Evolution process and related driving mechanisms of Yellow River Delta since the diversion of Yellow River[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(2):467-472.
[13] 杨伟,陈沈良,谷国传,等. 黄河三角洲清水沟河口区近期冲淤演变特征[J]. 海洋通报,2010,29(1):44-51. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2010.01.007
YANG W,CHEN S L,GU G C,et al. Accretion and erosion characteristics of Qingshuigou lobe of the Yellow River Delta in the near future[J]. Marine Science Bulletin,2010,29(1):44-51. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2010.01.007
[14] 薛春汀,刘健,孔祥淮. 1128—1855年黄河下游河道变迁及其对中国东部海域的影响[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(5):25-36. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1140.2011.05025
XUE C T,LIU J,KONG X H,et al. Channel shifting of lower Yellow River in 1128-1855 AD and its influence to the sedimentation in Bohai,Yellow and East China Seas[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2011,31(5):25-36. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1140.2011.05025
[15] 叶青超,杨毅芬,张义丰. 黄河冲积扇形成模式和下游河道演变[J]. 人民黄河,1982,4:32-37.
YE Q C,YANG Y F,ZHANG Y F. Forming model and lower reaches evolution of Yellow River alluvial fan[J]. Yellow River,1982,4:32-37.
[16] 张少同,贾永刚,刘晓磊,等. 现代黄河三角洲沉积物动态变化过程的特征与机理[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2016,36(6):33-44.
ZHANG S T,JIA Y G,LIU X L,et al. Feature and mechanism of sediment dynamic changing progresses in the modern Yellow River Delta[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2016,36(6):33-44.
[17] 庞家珍,姜明星. 黄河河口演变(Ⅱ):(二)1855年以来黄河三角洲流路变迁及海岸线变化及其他[J]. 海洋湖沼通报,2003,1(4):1-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6482.2003.04.001
PANG J Z,JIANG M X. Fluvial process of the Yellow River Estuary (Ⅱ):changes in the flow path and coastline of the Yellow River Delta since 1855 and other issues[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2003,1(4):1-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6482.2003.04.001
[18] 庞家珍,司书亨. 黄河河口演变:Ⅰ. 近代历史变迁[J]. 海洋与湖沼,1979,10(2):136-141.
PANG J Z,SI S H. The estuary changes of Huanghe River:Ⅰ. changes in modern time[J]. Oceanology et Limnologia Sinica,1979,10(2):136-141.
[19] HU L M,GUO Z G,SHI X F,et al. Temporal trends of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the Bohai Sea,China:evidence from the sedimentary record[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2011,42(10):1181-1193. doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.08.009
[20] 秦韵珊,赵一阳. 渤海地质[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1985.
QIN Y S,ZHAO Y Y. Geology of Bohai Sea[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1985.
[21] 庞家珍,司书亨. 黄河河口演变Ⅱ. 河口水文特征及泥沙淤积分布[J]. 海洋与湖沼,1980,11(4):295-305.
PANG J Z,SI S H. Fluvial process of the Huanghe River Estuary Ⅱ. hydrographical character and the region of sediment silting[J]. Oceanology et Limnologia Sinica,1980,11(4):295-305.
[22] ZHANG J,WEN H W,CHONG S M. Huanghe (Yellow River) and its estuary:sediment origin,transport and deposition[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1990,120(1/4):203-223.
[23] 程义吉,程建刚. 黄河口新口门海域流场分析[J]. 海岸工程,2000,19(4):5-11.
CHENG Y J,CHENG J G. Analysis of the current field in the new Yellow River entrance sea area[J]. Coastal Engineering,2000,19(4):5-11.
[24] 廖永杰. 渤海中南部沉积地球化学特征和黄河改道事件[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
LIAO Y J. Characteristic of sediments in Bohai Sea and relocation of Huang River[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014.
[25] 宋莎莎,孙永福,宋玉鹏,等. 黄河口水下三角洲刁口叶瓣的核素分布与沉积特征[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2020,40(3):43-50.
SONG S S,SUN Y F,SONG Y P,et al. Nuclides distribution and sedimentary characteristics of the Diaokou course in Yellow River subaqueous delta[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2020,40(3):43-50.
[26] QIAO S Q,SHI X F,SAITO Y,et al. Sedimentary records of natural and artificial Huanghe (Yellow River) channel shifts during the Holocene in the southern Bohai Sea[J]. Continental Shelf Research,2011,31(13):1336-1342. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2011.05.007
[27] 范勇勇,毕乃双,李云海,等. 百年来黄河三角洲东北部毗邻海域沉积记录演化及其影响因素[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2016,36(4):29-39.
FAN Y Y,BI N S,LI Y H,et al. High-resolution depositional records in the northeastern adjacent area off the Huanghe (Yellow River) Delta for the past hundred years and their influence factors[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2016,36(4):29-39.
[28] ZHOU L Y,LIU J,SAITO Y,et al. Modern sediment characteristics and accumulation rates from the delta front to prodelta of the Yellow River (Huanghe)[J]. Geo-Marine Letters,2016,36(4):247-258. doi: 10.1007/s00367-016-0442-x
[29] 陈艇,刘青松,郑一. 黄河水下三角洲钻孔沉积物磁学记录及其年代学意义[J]. 科学通报,2021,66(30):3902-3915.
CHEN T,LIU Q S,ZHENG Y. Environmental magnetic properties of core sediments in the Yellow River subaqueous delta and their chronological applications[J]. Science Bulletin,2021,66(30):3902-3915.
[30] LIU L,WANG H J,YANG Z S,et al. Coarsening of sediments from the Huanghe (Yellow River) delta-coast and its environmental implications[J]. Geomorphology,2022,401:108105.
[31] WANG H J,YANG Z S,SAITO Y,et al. Stepwise decreases of the Huanghe (Yellow River) sediment load (1950-2005):impacts of climate change and human activities[J]. Global and Planetary Change,2007,57(3):331-354.
[32] BI N S,YANG Z S,WANG H J,et al. Sediment dispersion pattern off the present Huanghe (Yellow River) subdelta and its dynamic mechanism during normal river discharge period[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2009,86(3):352-362.
[33] BI N S,WANG H J,WU X,et al. Phase change in evolution of the modern Huanghe (Yellow River) Delta:process,pattern,and mechanisms[J]. Marine Geology,2021,437:106516.
[34] 江文胜,王厚杰. 莱州湾悬浮泥沙分布形态及其与底质分布的关系[J]. 海洋与湖沼,2005,36(2):97-103. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2005.02.001
JIANG W S,WANG H J. Distribution of suspended matter and its relationship with sediment particle size in Laizhou Bay[J]. Oceanology et Limnologia Sinica,2005,36(2):97-103. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2005.02.001
[35] 吴晓,范勇勇,王厚杰,等. 三角洲废弃河道演化过程及受控机制:以黄河刁口废弃河道为例[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2021,41(2):22-29.
WU X,FAN Y Y,WANG H J,et al. Evolution of abandoned deltaic river channel:a case from the Diaokou channel of the Yellow River[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2021,41(2):22-29.
[36] 黄海军,樊辉. 1976年黄河改道以来三角洲近岸区变化遥感监测[J]. 海洋与湖沼,2004,35(4):306-314.
HUANG H J,FAN H. Monitoring changs of nearshore zones in the Huanghe (Yellow River) Delta since 1976[J]. Oceanology et Limnologia Sinica,2004,35(4):306-314.
-
图(9)
表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 42
- PDF下载数: 7
- 施引文献: 0