Pollutant dispersion from the Xiaoqing River into the sea and its response to the nearshore construction
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摘要:
河流入海污染物是近海污染物的主要来源之一。小清河是莱州湾西南部主要入海河流和污染物来源，近年来小清河口两侧近岸工程建设规模不断扩大，其对小清河入海污染物扩散的影响如何有待深入研究。采用MIKE21数值模型模拟了近岸工程建设对潮流场的影响及小清河入海污染物（无机氮、活性磷酸盐）的扩散特征，探讨了入海污染物扩散对近岸工程建设的响应。研究结果表明：小清河口两侧近岸工程的建设，导致小清河河口附近海域流速有所减小，减小值介于2～21 cm/s。河口两侧的堤坝、防波堤等工程阻挡了污染物向东南、西北方向扩散，使小清河入海污染物扩散范围有所减小，不利于污染物扩散，导致河口附近海域污染物浓度有所增加，从而加剧了小清河河口附近海域的水质污染。因此，近岸工程建设会造成工程附近海域的潮流减弱，削弱近海海域的污染物扩散能力。
Abstract:Pollutants from rivers are the main source of offshore pollution. Xiaoqing River is the main inlet river and pollutant source in the southwestern part of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea. In recent years, the scale of nearshore constructions on both sides of Xiaoqing River estuary is constantly expanding. The response of the inlet pollutant dispersion to the nearshore construction region need to be studied deeply. The influence of nearshore construction on the tidal field and the dispersion characteristics of the inlet pollutants (dissolved inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate) from Xiaoqing River were numerically simulated in MIKE21 model, and the response of the inlet pollutant dispersion to the nearshore construction was discussed. Results show that the construction of nearshore projects on both sides of the Xiaoqing River estuary has led to a decrease of 2-21 cm/s in flow velocity in the nearshore of the estuary. Dikes and breakwaters on both sides of the estuary blocked the dispersion of pollutants to the southeast and northwest, which reduced the dispersion range of pollutants into the estuary, increased the concentration of pollutants in the estuary, and aggravated the water pollution in local areas. Therefore, the construction of nearshore projects could weaken the tidal currents around the concentration and the pollutant dispersion capacity in the offshore marine areas.
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表 1 研究区遥感影像数据源信息表
Table 1. Specificatrions of remote sensing data in the study area
成像日期 卫星类型 成像类型 轨道行列号 波段数 空间分辨率/m 2002-02-01 Landsat7 ETM 121/34 8 30 2020-02-24 Landsat8 ETM 121/34 11 15 
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表 2 计算工况参数信息表
Table 2. Information of the working conditions and parameters for calculation
季节 入海径流量/（m3/s） 无机氮/（mg/L） 活性磷酸盐/（mg/L） 丰水期 81.3 5.782 0.105 枯水期 26.93 9.503 0.120
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表 3 近岸工程建设前后小清河入海污染物扩散面积计算结果
Table 3. Calculation results of the dispersion area of pollutants from Xiaoqing River into the sea before and after nearshore construction
km2 季节 污染物 时期 15 d扩散面积 30 d扩散面积 60 d扩散面积 丰水期 无机氮 近岸工程建设前 245.34 496.00 809.53 近岸工程建设后 190.19 314.65 521.37 面积差（后−前） −55.15 −181.35 −288.16 活性磷酸盐 近岸工程建设前 141.22 234.24 355.63 近岸工程建设后 124.11 184.45 248.82 面积差（后−前） −17.11 −49.79 −106.81 枯水期 无机氮 近岸工程建设前 108.61 277.52 543.91 近岸工程建设后 85.52 209.07 326.90 面积差（后−前） −23.09 −68.45 −217.00 活性磷酸盐 近岸工程建设前 43.87 100.68 141.63 近岸工程建设后 34.37 89.10 136.62 面积差（后−前） −9.50 −11.58 −5.01
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