Geochemical characteristics and controlling factors of surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay
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摘要:
通过对胶州湾150个站位表层沉积物的粒度和地球化学组成进行特征分析、相关性分析和因子分析，探讨了其空间分布特征、元素相关性和元素组合特征，充分挖掘沉积物的地球化学特征及其控制因素。结果表明，胶州湾表层沉积物类型丰富，主要以砂质粉砂为主。沉积物常量元素以SiO2、Al2O3为主，SiO2高值区主要分布于调查区东北部以及中部偏西等区域，Al2O3在调查区北部、东北部河口及其近岸含量较高，表明沉积物主要为陆源碎屑沉积物。微量元素含量最高的为V，其次为Li和Ni，其含量分布与Al2O3相近。除CaO外，研究区常微量元素的空间变异系数均较小，表明各元素在研究区分布相对均匀。元素的相关性和因子分析结果显示，研究区大部分常微量元素（Al2O3、MgO、CaO、TiO2、MnO、Fe2O3、Ni、Co、Li、W、V等）含量的变化遵循粒度控制规律，而CaO、P2O5的含量主要受风化作用和人类活动的共同影响。
Abstract:Based on the correlation analysis and factor analysis of grain size and geochemical compositions of 150 surface sediments from Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, East China, the spatial distribution, element correlation, and element combination were studied, and the sedimentary environmental implication of geochemical characteristics of the in-bay sediments was revealed. The results show that the surface sediments are rich in types, mainly sandy silts in Jiaozhou Bay. The major elements of the sediments are predominated by SiO2 and Al2O3, and the high value area of SiO2 is mainly distributed in the northeast and west-central areas, and the content of Al2O3 is higher in the estuaries of the north and northeast of the bay and near the coast, indicating that the sediments are mainly terrigenous detrital sediments. The highest trace elements is V, followed by Li and Ni, and the content distribution is similar to that of Al2O3. Except for CaO, the spatial variation coefficients of the elements in the bay are small, indicating that the distribution of the elements was relatively uniform. The results of the correlation analysis and factor analysis suggest that the grain size is the main factor controlling the distribution of most major and trace elements (Al2O3, MgO, CaO, TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3, Ni, Co, Li, W, V, etc.) in the bay. The contents of CaO and P2O5 are mainly affected by weathering and human activities.
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Key words:
- Jiaozhou Bay /
- surface sediment /
- grain size /
- geochemistry /
- major element /
- trace element
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表 1 表层沉积物常量元素含量
Table 1. Content of major elements in the surface sediments
主量元素 全国海域平均值/% 平均值/% 最大值/% 最小值/% 标准偏差 变异系数/% SiO2 62.51 61.87 74.70 53.07 4.24 0.07 Al2O3 11.09 13.36 16.60 7.22 1.66 0.12 CaO 5.30 2.47 13.96 0.63 2.27 0.92 MgO 1.82 1.76 2.94 0.51 0.43 0.25 K2O 2.32 2.74 3.51 2.28 0.19 0.07 Na2O 1.99 2.83 5.03 1.71 0.43 0.15 TiO2 0.58 0.59 0.82 0.17 0.12 0.20 P2O5 0.11 0.12 0.39 0.06 0.03 0.28 MnO 0.07 0.10 0.31 0.05 0.04 0.38 Fe2O3 4.43 4.31 10.42 1.26 1.31 0.30 
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表 2 表层沉积物微量元素含量统计
Table 2. Content of trace elements in the surface sediments
微量元素 全国海域平均值/10−6 平均值/10−6 极大值/10−6 极小值/10−6 标偏偏差 变异系数/% Ni 24.00 26.98 56.30 7.52 8.27 0.31 Co 12.00 12.02 20.60 3.34 3.27 0.27 Li 38.00 39.28 70.90 8.98 12.21 0.31 W 1.50 1.52 3.09 0.51 0.41 0.27 Mo 0.50 0.66 1.46 0.26 0.20 0.31 V 70.00 70.05 120.00 18.80 19.64 0.28
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表 3 研究区表层沉积物元素相关系数
Table 3. Correlation coefficient of elements in surface sediments of the study area
SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O TiO2 P2O5 MnO TFe2O3 Ni Co Li W Mo V 砂 粉砂 黏土 SiO2 1 Al2O3 −0.02 1 CaO −0.58 −0.76 1 MgO −0.30 0.87 −0.52 1 K2O −0.07 −0.11 0.04 −0.09 1 Na2O −0.15 −0.06 0.05 −0.12 0.08 1 TiO2 0.05 0.91 −0.73 0.86 −0.31 −0.19 1 P2O5 −0.42 0.13 0.05 0.19 −0.13 0.43 0.09 1 MnO −0.29 0.54 −0.28 0.65 0.07 −0.15 0.51 0.20 1 Fe2O3 −0.18 0.76 −0.56 0.81 −0.19 −0.20 0.83 0.18 0.58 1 Ni −0.24 0.86 −0.54 0.88 −0.20 −0.10 0.89 0.29 0.69 0.84 1 Co −0.15 0.87 −0.59 0.88 −0.18 −0.16 0.91 0.12 0.66 0.83 0.97 1 Li −0.14 0.88 −0.61 0.89 −0.16 −0.10 0.90 0.12 0.58 0.82 0.94 0.95 1 W −0.27 0.76 −0.50 0.79 −0.18 0.06 0.78 0.47 0.56 0.75 0.86 0.82 0.84 1 Mo −0.40 0.13 0.04 0.19 0.07 0.13 0.07 0.46 0.14 0.20 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.57 1 V −0.10 0.91 −0.65 0.88 −0.21 −0.18 0.93 0.11 0.59 0.85 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.81 0.10 1 砂 0.20 −0.80 0.61 −0.83 0.33 0.09 −0.90 −0.19 −0.44 −0.75 −0.84 −0.83 −0.87 −0.79 −0.10 −0.87 1 粉砂 −0.12 0.73 −0.64 0.72 −0.41 −0.04 0.85 0.14 0.32 0.66 0.73 0.73 0.77 0.72 0.07 0.77 −0.96 1 黏土 −0.40 0.81 −0.50 0.85 −0.12 −0.17 0.81 0.24 0.53 0.74 0.85 0.84 0.86 0.75 0.14 0.86 −0.85 0.68 1 注：样本数为150。
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表 4 胶州湾表层沉积物元素因子分析
Table 4. Analysis of elements factors in the surface sediments from Jiaozhou Bay
元素 F1 F2 F3 SiO2 −0.154 −0.807 0.456 Al2O3 0.924 −0.136 0.120 CaO −0.653 0.509 −0.438 MgO 0.927 0.067 −0.136 K2O −0.191 0.089 −0.273 Na2O −0.124 0.458 0.641 TiO2 0.942 −0.223 0.091 P2O5 0.228 0.741 0.388 MnO 0.671 0.157 −0.369 Fe2O3 0.885 −0.006 −0.084 Ni 0.970 0.070 −0.054 Co 0.966 −0.054 −0.088 Li 0.958 −0.056 −0.025 W 0.886 0.325 0.165 Mo 0.222 0.675 0.115 V 0.972 −0.117 −0.037 方差/% 56.01 14.74 7.96 累积方差/% 56.01 70.75 78.71
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