基于潮流模拟的琼州海峡东口动力地貌分析

仝长亮, 吴祥柏, 陈飞, 朱钰, 李高聪, 贾建军. 基于潮流模拟的琼州海峡东口动力地貌分析[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2024, 40(9): 38-48. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2024.005
引用本文: 仝长亮, 吴祥柏, 陈飞, 朱钰, 李高聪, 贾建军. 基于潮流模拟的琼州海峡东口动力地貌分析[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2024, 40(9): 38-48. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2024.005
TONG Changliang, WU Xiangbai, CHEN Fei, ZHU Yu, LI Gaocong, JIA Jianjun. Analysis of dynamic geomorphology at the east entrance of Qiongzhou Strait based on tidal current numerical simulation[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2024, 40(9): 38-48. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2024.005
Citation: TONG Changliang, WU Xiangbai, CHEN Fei, ZHU Yu, LI Gaocong, JIA Jianjun. Analysis of dynamic geomorphology at the east entrance of Qiongzhou Strait based on tidal current numerical simulation[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2024, 40(9): 38-48. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2024.005

基于潮流模拟的琼州海峡东口动力地貌分析

  • 基金项目: 海南省自然科学基金(422RC800);海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室开放课题“海南岛泥沙入海通量的估算方法及其对河口海岸地貌演化的影响评价”(HNHYDZZYHJKF015),“琼州海峡晚第四纪以来沉积环境演化与海砂成因关系研究”(ZZ[2020]2019256-01);广东海洋大学科研启动经费项目(060302112010)
详细信息
    作者简介: 仝长亮(1981—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事海洋地质资源和环境方面的研究工作. E-mail:tongchangliang@163.com
    通讯作者: 朱钰(1983—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事河口海岸动力方面的研究工作. E-mail:29849600@qq.com
  • 中图分类号: P731.2;P736

Analysis of dynamic geomorphology at the east entrance of Qiongzhou Strait based on tidal current numerical simulation

More Information
  • 潮流是塑造琼州海峡东口海底地貌的主要动力,研究潮流作用下的沉积物运动特征,有助于更好地理解海峡的水沙通量、沉积过程和地貌演化。根据对2008和2015年研究区249个站位所采集的表层样品调查数据的研究统计,海峡东口沉积物以砂砾质为主,其分布规律与潮流的强弱和方向关系密切,运动形式主要为推移方式。为了进一步研究沉积物的运移与海底地貌的动态关系,利用沉积动力学模型估算了琼州海峡东口的潮流过程、沉积物输运率和侵蚀淤积强度等指标。结果显示,大潮时,东向急流的流速为0.9~2.0 m/s,西向急流为0.8~1.7 m/s,中潮和小潮的潮流流速约为大潮时的50%~60%。总体上,东向流强于西向流,但在海峡北岸和中央水道,西向流始终强于东向流。大潮时,全区沉积物的活动频率普遍较高,均值可达60%,其平均输运率在10−2 kg/(m·s)量级;而中小潮期间,活动频率均值仅为18%左右,平均输运率比大潮期小1~2个数量级。沉积物整体输运方向为东向,但在海峡北岸净输运方向为西向。从侵蚀淤积强度的分布可知,研究区的浅滩堆积速率较高,水道的侵蚀速率较高,量级可达10−1 m/a。

  • 加载中
  • 图 1  研究区采样站位及地形地貌

    Figure 1. 

    图 2  研究区表层沉积物的平均粒径(a)和分选系数(b)

    Figure 2. 

    图 3  研究区1个朔望月潮位时间序列图

    Figure 3. 

    图 4  研究区大小潮急流分布

    Figure 4. 

    图 5  研究区大、小潮期间沉积物活动频率分布

    Figure 5. 

    图 6  研究区推移质平均输运率分布

    Figure 6. 

    图 7  研究区海底侵蚀淤积速率分布

    Figure 7. 

    表 1  研究区潮流场特征统计

    Table 1.  Statistics of tidal current field characteristics in the study area

    区域 大潮 小潮 中潮
    潮差/m 东向急流时 西向急流时 潮差/m 东向急流时 西向急流时 潮差/m 东向急流时 西向急流时
    流速/(m/s) 流向/(°) 流速/(m/s) 流向/(°) 流速/(m/s) 流向/(°) 流速/(m/s) 流向/(°) 流速/(m/s) 流向/(°) 流速/(m/s) 流向/(°)
    北岸 1.69 0.64 89 0.96 229 0.92 0.43 82 0.50 229 1.23 0.56 84 0.60 227
    南岸 1.64 0.63 137 0.46 260 0.83 0.40 106 0.27 249 1.19 0.46 132 0.36 252
    中央水道 1.56 1.78 73 1.52 254 0.85 0.78 74 0.73 254 1.15 1.09 74 0.86 254
    外罗水道 1.79 1.51 38 1.72 217 0.96 0.77 39 0.86 216 1.28 1.05 37 1.00 216
    西北水道 1.70 1.84 59 1.60 241 0.91 0.77 58 0.71 238 1.22 1.07 57 0.87 236
    北水道 1.85 1.36 71 0.93 251 0.94 0.60 67 0.43 248 1.35 0.79 61 0.54 238
    中水道 1.60 2.01 82 1.24 270 0.87 0.86 82 0.59 265 1.18 1.10 80 0.69 260
    南水道 1.66 0.89 106 0.77 276 0.83 0.58 103 0.40 278 1.20 0.60 106 0.47 273
    罗斗沙附近 1.95 1.29 43 1.35 217 1.01 0.64 43 0.66 215 1.42 0.89 40 0.83 211
    西方浅滩 1.65 1.96 81 1.40 269 0.90 0.80 82 0.63 261 1.23 1.09 76 0.74 255
    西南浅滩 1.48 1.94 71 1.29 259 0.83 0.93 73 0.71 256 1.09 1.17 73 0.78 254
    西北浅滩 2.07 1.70 57 1.19 237 1.01 0.74 58 0.54 231 1.49 1.00 48 0.71 223
    北方浅滩 2.00 1.44 77 0.79 255 0.94 0.62 80 0.33 247 1.40 0.76 62 0.48 228
    南方浅滩 1.74 1.69 104 0.96 288 0.88 0.80 103 0.42 289 1.28 0.91 97 0.49 269
    出水浅滩 1.72 1.07 126 0.98 307 0.86 0.71 129 0.45 308 1.27 0.66 125 0.53 293
    开阔陆架 2.06 0.52 84 0.38 247 0.93 0.27 91 0.16 228 1.38 0.31 88 0.28 209
    全区 1.76 1.39 81 1.10 255 0.90 0.67 79 0.53 251 1.27 0.85 77 0.64 244
    注:流速为垂向平均流速。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  研究区沉积物活动频率统计

    Table 2.  Statistics of sediment activity frequency in study area

    %
    区域 大潮 小潮 中潮1 中潮2 中潮3 日平均
    北岸 59.8(0~92.3) 27.9(0~69.2) 32.4(0~73.1) 55.3(0~92.3) 34.5(0~84.6) 46.2(0~83.4)
    南岸 44.3(0~92.3) 15.9(0~69.2) 17.2(0~80.8) 42.2(0~92.3) 20.3(0~73.1) 32.1(0~81.4)
    中央水道 64.5(19.2~92.3) 20.6(0~57.7) 20.4(0~69.2) 64.3(19.2~88.5) 13.7(0~65.4) 43.3(11.5~77.7)
    外罗水道 81(34.6~96.2) 41.4(11.5~57.7) 41.8(15.4~69.2) 74(23.1~88.5) 43.6(11.5~80.8) 62.1(22.8~81.2)
    西北水道 73.3(34.6~84.6) 30.2(0~57.7) 23.2(0~50) 71.3(34.6~84.6) 19.5(0~38.5) 50.6(19.1~67.2)
    北水道 63.5(46.2~76.9) 5.6(0~30.8) 7.2(0~23.1) 60.3(42.3~76.9) 0.5(0~19.2) 35.9(24.5~53)
    中水道 65.2(46.2~76.9) 17.4(0~46.2) 13.6(0~26.9) 65.3(50~80.8) 1.7(0~30.8) 40.2(26.4~58)
    南水道 43.6(19.2~80.8) 6.8(0~69.2) 6.1(0~61.5) 46.6(23.1~76.9) 5.5(0~38.5) 27.5(11.5~65.1)
    罗斗沙附近 76.8(26.9~100) 34.1(0~73.1) 37.8(0~88.5) 70(19.2~96.2) 39.3(0~92.3) 57.5(13.4~90.7)
    西方浅滩 74.7(53.8~88.5) 30.8(0~65.4) 20.3(0~53.8) 74.4(53.8~88.5) 12.8(0~50) 50.1(31~73.8)
    西南浅滩 65.4(26.9~84.6) 22.1(0~57.7) 17.1(0~50) 64.7(26.9~84.6) 9.5(0~50) 42.7(14.8~70.2)
    西北浅滩 82.8(53.8~96.2) 31.5(0~65.4) 27.1(0~65.4) 74(46.2~92.3) 22.3(0~84.6) 55.3(27.8~84.9)
    北方浅滩 71.1(23.1~88.5) 16.6(0~50) 15.9(0~38.5) 65.6(19.2~80.8) 11.1(0~50) 44.1(11.8~67)
    南方浅滩 66.8(30.8~84.6) 21.1(0~65.4) 14.3(0~34.6) 66.7(23.1~84.6) 5.2(0~73.1) 42.3(15.1~74.4)
    出水浅滩 60.4(11.5~96.2) 22.6(0~76.9) 14.6(0~76.9) 59.7(11.5~100) 11.9(0~80.8) 40.2(6.3~86.1)
    开阔陆架 65.3(19.2~92.3) 4.6(0~34.6) 9.6(0~46.2) 52.6(0~80.8) 19.8(0~53.8) 38.7(9.1~67.6)
    全区 62.9(0~100) 18(0~76.9) 18.5(0~88.5) 57.6(0~100) 18.8(0~92.3) 41.7(0~90.7)
    注:数据表示均值(最小值~最大值)。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  研究区侵蚀淤积速率特征统计

    Table 3.  Statistics of erosion and deposition rate in the study area

    特征值 不同潮汐类型侵蚀淤积量/(cm/d) 日均侵蚀淤积量/(cm/d) 年侵蚀淤积量/(cm/a)
    大潮 小潮 中潮1 中潮2 中潮3
    平均数 0.00102 0.00004 0.00022 0.00082 0.00013 0.00057 0.20863
    中位数 0.00054 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00020 0.07340
    最小值 2.08843 0.54655 0.53615 1.80270 0.25010 1.09263 398.81111
    最大值 2.36847 0.41282 0.40163 2.33750 0.34063 1.25446 457.87946
    百分位数 10 0.14674 0.01115 0.01454 0.11016 0.00448 0.07459 27.22413
    25 0.03242 0.00157 0.00208 0.02635 0.00034 0.01741 6.35376
    50 0.00054 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00020 0.07340
    75 0.03304 0.00146 0.00204 0.02611 0.00035 0.01707 6.22959
    90 0.15087 0.01251 0.01473 0.12669 0.00498 0.08111 29.60375
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
收稿日期:  2024-01-04
刊出日期:  2024-09-28

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