Heavy metal content, source, and pollution risk assessment in core sediments of Weihai Bay
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摘要:
根据威海湾WHW-06孔柱状沉积物样品AMS14C测年、粒度和重金属元素含量的测试结果，分析了威海湾柱状沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn和Hg 7种重金属元素含量的垂向分布特征；采用富集系数(EF)、地累积指数(Igeo)和潜在生态风险指数(RI)对沉积物重金属元素进行了风险评估；结合相关性分析和主成分分析，探讨了威海湾沉积物重金属元素的来源。结果表明，威海湾柱状沉积物中As、Cd、Hg含量自下而上总体呈波动上升的趋势；Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn含量自下而上总体呈先增加后减少的趋势，与柱状沉积物平均粒径的变化趋势基本一致。富集系数(EF)评价表明，柱状沉积物部分深度的As和Hg存在轻微富集；地累积指数(Igeo)评价表明，柱状沉积物中Hg总体呈轻度污染状态，As、Cd在部分深度呈轻度污染状态；潜在生态风险指数(RI)表明，重金属呈中风险等级的样品主要集中在柱状沉积物上部。相关性分析和主成分分析结果表明，柱状沉积物中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn元素主要为自然来源，As和Hg元素含量的变化可能受人类活动的影响。经归一化校正后，过去200 a以来重金属元素含量呈现急剧升高的趋势，可能与工业革命以来人类活动排放污染物有关。
Abstract:The vertical distribution characteristics of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg in the core sediments of Weihai Bay were analyzed based on the results of AMS14 C dating, particle sizes, and heavy metal content of WHW-06 core sediment samples in Weihai Bay. Enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and potential ecological risk index (RI) were used to assess the risk of heavy metal pollution. Combined with correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the sources of the heavy metals were discussed. Results show that from bottom to top or the core section, the content of As, Cd, and Hg showed an overall upward trend, and the contents of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn increased first and then decreased, which is consistent with the variation trend of the average particle size. EF evaluation showed that As and Hg were slightly enriched at some depths. Index Igeo revealed slight Hg pollution in the core, and occasional As and Cd pollution at some depths. Index RI indicated a medium risk level of heavy metal pollution in mainly the upper part of the core. In addition, correlation analysis and principal component analysis presented that Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were mainly from the natural sources, and the changes in As and Hg contents may be affected by human activities. After data normalization, the heavy metal contents displayed a rapid upward trend in the past 200 years, which may be related to the pollutants from human activities since the industrial revolution.
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Key words:
- Weihai Bay /
- heavy metal content /
- core sediments /
- pollution risk assessment /
- pollution source
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表 1 WHW-06孔AMS14C年代数据结果
Table 1. AMS14C dating results of Core WHW-06
样品编号 深度/cm 测试材料 14C年龄/a BP 年代校正/cal a BP 日历年龄/cal a BP WHW06-83 83～84 混合底栖有孔虫 2 310±30 1 906～1 592 1 749 WHW06-122 122～123 混合底栖有孔虫 2 840±30 2 619～2 261 2 440 
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表 2 潜在生态风险指标等级划分
Table 2. Classification of potential ecological risk
Eri RI 潜在生态风险等级 ＜40 ＜150 低风险 40～80 150～300 中风险 80～160 300～600 较高风险 160～320 ≥600 高风险 ≥320 极高风险
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表 3 WHW-06孔沉积物重金属元素含量及污染评价结果
Table 3. Heavy metal content and assessment of heavy metal pollution in Core WHW-06 sediments
As Cd Cr Cu Pb Zn Hg 含量范围/（μg/g） 5.63～21.46 0.10～0.16 69.20～85.50 21.93～33.98 19.69～28.50 66.98～99.36 0.01～0.03 平均含量/（μg/g） 11.9 0.13 78.99 27.89 24.33 84.1 0.02 EF范围 0.38～1.35 0.49～0.82 0.42～0.64 0.35～0.63 0.39～0.68 0.38～0.68 0.65～1.26 EF平均值 0.78 0.61 0.49 0.45 0.48 0.49 0.92 Igeo范围 −0.98～0.95 −0.58～0.08 −0.77～−0.47 −1.04～−0.41 −0.21～−0.09 −0.91～−0.34 −0.15～0.82 Igeo平均值 −0.008 −0.254 −0.583 −0.707 −0.142 −0.592 0.314 Eir范围 7.61～29.04 30.17～47.44 1.76～2.17 3.64～5.64 3.98～5.77 0.80～1.18 54.03～105.91 Eir平均值 16.1 37.99 2.01 4.63 4.92 1 75.69
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表 4 WHW-06孔沉积物重金属元素主成分分析
Table 4. Principal component analysis of heavy metal elements in Core WHW-06 sediments
元素 PC1 PC2 As 0.51 0.71 Cd 0.75 0.51 Cr 0.76 0.17 Cu 0.88 0.42 Pb 0.91 0.39 Zn 0.89 0.40 Hg 0.14 0.91 Th 0.93 0.13 方差百分比/% 58.35 26.45
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表 5 山东半岛典型海湾重金属含量特征值一览表
Table 5. Heavy metal content in typical bays of Shandong Peninsula
μg/g 位置 As Cd Cr Cu Pb Zn Hg 来源 WHW-06孔 范围 5.63～21.46 0.10～0.16 69.20～85.50 21.93～33.98 19.69～28.50 66.98～99.36 0.01～0.03 本研究 平均值 11.9 0.13 78.99 27.89 24.33 84.1 0.02 WH-05孔
背景值范围 2.22～11.99 0.06～0.13 66.11～84.38 20.74～34.22 18.75～29.50 65.74～92.22 0.01～0.05 文献[16] 平均值 7.39 0.1 78.78 30.12 24.71 84.03 0.01 莱州湾 范围 4.10～22.90 0.04～0.20 14.50～63.90 1.20～47.20 3.20～34.20 29.60～81.50 0.01～0.38 文献[32] 平均值 13.9 0.1 37.3 16.8 12.3 51.6 0.07 乳山湾 范围 6.73～10.33 0.51～1.73 \ 8.43～20.95 12.48～36.92 30.29～65.46 0.03～0.06 文献[33] 平均值 8.44 0.98 \ 12.86 19.87 47.76 0.04 靖海湾 范围 4.93～9.60 0.39～0.66 45.61～62.17 24.28～75.35 13.69～29.35 81.84～162.19 0.03～0.05 文献[34] 平均值 7.06 0.57 56.29 37.79 19.91 115.63 0.04 荣成湾 范围 \ 0.07～0.28 23.50～48.60 8.40～30.60 17.40～51.10 45.10～97.30 \ 文献[35] 平均值 \ 0.15 33 19.2 34.1 64 \ 四十里湾 范围 7.01～23.56 0.01～0.04 4.07～32.52 1.36～5.02 13.77～26.36 1.92～16.88 0.00～0.02 文献[8,36] 平均值 11.7 0.03 \ 2.98 19.08 8.84 0.01 胶州湾 范围 5.30～19.00 0.03～0.11 5.00～51.00 4.20～28.00 5.10～18.00 12.00～58.00 0.01～0.05 文献[29,37] 平均值 11.15 0.06 22.14 11.99 10.31 31.3 0.03 桑沟湾 范围 4.44～9.12 0.23～0.54 \ 8.03～17.50 8.57～14.90 35.33～55.87 0.01～0.02 文献[38] 平均值 6.13 0.41 \ 12.86 11.82 46.43 0.02 龙口湾 范围 \ 0.26～0.50 \ 18.16～77.33 14.22～24.13 18.16～159.37 \ 文献[39] 平均值 \ 0.34 \ 33.13 18.95 79.19 \ 丁字湾 范围 3.26～24.00 0.02～0.30 22.50～85.80 3.20～21.50 2.10～23.60 8.00～76.40 0.00～0.04 文献[40] 平均值 8.38 0.08 60.96 11.49 15.31 46.42 0.02 沉积物质量一类标准值 20 0.5 80 35 60 150 0.2 文献[31] 沉积物质量二类标准值 65 1.5 150 100 130 350 0.5 注：“\”为无数据。
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