Genetic types and material sources of ferromanganese nodules in the Lichun Seamount of the northern South China Sea
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摘要:
前人对大洋多金属结核进行了比较详尽的研究，然而对边缘海陆坡海山多金属结核的研究仍显薄弱。本文以在南海北部陆坡李春海山采集到的多金属结核为研究对象，综合运用分层XRD矿物学、LA-ICPMS原位主微量元素地球化学和分层同位素地球化学等分析测试方法和研究手段，研究南海北部陆坡李春海山多金属结核的成因及物质来源。李春海山多金属结核存在4个不同单元层（层1、层2、层3、层4），各单元层的矿物组成不同，指示水动力条件和陆源输入速率的差异。李春海山多金属结核主要由水羟锰矿、石英、斜长石组成，但外部的层3和层4锰相矿物除了水羟锰矿，还分别出现水钠锰矿和钡镁锰矿等代表成岩成因类型的结核矿物。主成分分析结果表明，李春海山多金属结核具有多期多物源成矿特征，主要以铁相矿物形成及锰相矿物生长为主。结核内各分层大多数测点Mn/Fe比值均＜2.5，层3与层4内少数测点Mn/Fe比值＞2.5甚至＞5；REY配分模式都出现较强的Ce正异常且大多数与南海海水呈镜像对称，而层3和层4少数测点REY配分模式与沉积物孔隙水REY配分模式相近；Sr-Nd同位素居于南海海水与沉积物之间且接近南海海水，且Pb同位素表现出台湾岛物源的特征。因此，李春海山多金属结核主要为水成成因，后期生长有少量成岩成因组分的混入，主要来源于周围海水，同时也受到台湾岛陆源物质输入的影响。
Abstract:Although previous studies have been conducted in great detail on oceanic ferromanganese nodules, research on those nodules on seamounts in the marginal sea slope remains relatively insufficient. In this study, ferromanganese nodules were sampled from the Lichun Seamount in the northern slope of the South China Sea for research. Comprehensive analytical techniques were applied, including XRD mineralogy, LA-ICPMS in-situ major and trace element geochemistry, and layered isotope geochemistry, and the origination of the ferromanganese nodules was investigated. Results reveal that the ferromanganese nodules have four distinct layers with unique mineral compositions, reflecting different hydrodynamic conditions and terrigenous input rates during their growth. The nodules are mainly composed of vernadite, quartz, and plagioclase. However, in addition to vernadite, the manganese-phase minerals in layers 3 and 4 also contain birnessite and todorokite, suggesting their diagenetic origin. The results of principal component analysis indicate that the ferromanganese nodules are characterized by multi-stage and multi-source mineralization indicated by the formation of iron-phase minerals and the growth of manganese-phase minerals. The Mn/Fe ratio was less than 2.5 mostly, while at a few points in layers 3 and 4, it was above 2.5 or even exceeded 5. The REY partition pattern of the nodules displayed a strong positive Ce anomaly, and most of them were mirror-symmetric with the South China Sea seawater. The REY partition pattern at a few detection points in layers 3 and 4 were similar to that of the sediment pore water. The Sr-Nd isotope values were between the South China Sea seawater and sediment but closer to the seawater, and the Pb isotope exhibited the characteristics of Taiwan Island source. Therefore, the ferromanganese nodules were mainly of hydrogenetic origin, with a small number of diagenetic components added in the later growth stage. The materials were originated from the surrounding seawater and affected by terrigenous material input from Taiwan Island.
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表 1 南海代表性多金属结核矿物组成
Table 1. Mineral composition of the ferromanganese nodules in South China Sea.
样品号 位置 水深/m 矿物组成 成因类型 文献来源 N3 北部陆坡李春海山 1680 水羟锰矿、石英、斜长石、钡镁锰矿 — 本文 ZJ86 西北陆坡中建岛海域 1945 水羟锰矿、石英、斜长石、钡镁锰矿 水成成因 文献[13] STD275 东北陆坡海域 1548 水羟锰矿、石英、斜长石、钡镁锰矿 水成成因 文献[13] HYD104 南海海盆黄岩岛海域 815 水羟锰矿、石英、斜长石、钡镁锰矿 水成成因 文献[13] HYD180 南海东部次海盆海山链 3449 水羟锰矿、石英、斜长石、水钠锰矿 水成成因 文献[24] 05E107–6 北部陆坡东沙岛海域 2225 水羟锰矿、石英、斜长石、钡镁锰矿、水钠锰矿、白云母、钴土矿 水成成因 文献[23] 
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