Geochemical characteristics of pyrite from rocks in the NW Eifuku hydrothermal area of the Mariana Arc
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摘要:
本文选择马里亚纳弧北部NW Eifuku热液区的4块火山岩及其中1块微蚀变火山岩的内部黄铁矿作为研究对象，对样品进行了全岩主量元素、橄榄石和黄铁矿原位主、微量元素及黄铁矿S同位素组成的测试分析工作，探讨了岩石中黄铁矿的地球化学特征、物质来源和微生物成矿作用。结果显示，火山岩为玄武安山岩，包含4种类型的黄铁矿，分别为蚀变斑晶中他形和胶状黄铁矿、斑晶裂隙中细长柱状黄铁矿、基质中半自形-他形黄铁矿、气孔中自形黄铁矿。后3种黄铁矿的晶形表明，其是热液活动早期的产物。蚀变斑晶中黄铁矿的晶形为他形和胶状，相较其他3种类型黄铁矿，其S/Fe比值升高，这些均为矿物在低温下形成的特征，即该类黄铁矿的形成受到了热液与海水混合导致温度降低的影响。4种黄铁矿的δ34S值（6.58‰～−19.60‰）以及部分自形黄铁矿的铁氧化层边缘表明，它们在形成过程中可能受到了微生物作用的影响。蚀变橄榄石中黄铁矿的Co、Ni元素的含量明显高于其他类型黄铁矿，与蚀变前后热液流体成分改变、热液与海水混合后温度降低导致元素更易进入黄铁矿晶格等因素有关，其核部与边部元素含量的差异可能受到了微生物作用的影响，而蚀变橄榄石对黄铁矿元素含量的影响相对较小。
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关键词:
- 马里亚纳岛弧热液喷口 /
- 黄铁矿 /
- 微量元素 /
- 微生物成矿
Abstract:A slightly altered volcanic rock sample and the bearing pyrite near NW Eifuku hydrothermal vent in the northern part of the Mariana Arc were selected. The major elements of the sample were analyzed, the olivine and pyrite were observed by electronic microprobe, and the S-isotope of pyrite was investigated. In addition, the geochemical characteristics, origination, and microbial mineralization of the pyrite were scrutinized. Results show that the sample is basaltic andesite in lithology, and contains four types of pyrite in occurrence, namely pyrite in altered porphyritic crystals, in porphyritic fissure, in matrix, and in air bubbles. The last three types of pyrite are idiomorphic or semi-idiomorphic, and are the products of early hydrothermal activity, while the pyrite in altered porphyritic crystals are allotriomorphic and colloidal and the S/Fe ratio is greater than those of the other three types, indicating their low temperature origin due to temperature drop caused by the mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater. The δ34 S values of the four types of pyrite are negative(−6.58‰～−19.60‰), and some of the idiomorphic pyrite have iron oxide layer edges, indicating that those pyrites may had been affected by microbial action during its formation. In particular, the Co and Ni contents of pyrite in altered peridotite is significantly greater than those of other types of pyrite, indicating the influence by the change in hydrothermal fluid composition before and after alteration and the temperature drop due to hydrothermal fluid mixture with seawater, resulting in the easier entry of elements into the lattice of pyrite. The difference in the chemical element content between the core and the rim of pyrite might be caused by microbial action, while the effect of olivine alteration on the element content of pyrite was relatively small.
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Key words:
- Mariana Arc hydrothermal vent /
- pyrite /
- trace element /
- microbial mineralization
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表 1 马里亚纳弧NW Eifuku热液区样品的采样信息与样品特征
Table 1. Specifications of the samples from the NW Eifuku hydrothermal area in the Mariana Arc
样品编号 采样位置 水深/m 样品类型 样品特征 经度(E) 纬度(N) H5-R1-2-1 144.0385 °21.4852 °1 866 玄武安山岩 表面具薄层黄褐色物质覆盖，切割面呈黑灰色，存在较多大小不一的气孔，分布不均，气孔中可见少量褐黄色物质 H5-R1-2-2 144.0394 °21.4856 °1 807 玄武安山岩 不规则块状，黑色，结构致密，部分表面呈黄褐色，气孔较小且分布不均匀，无填充物 H5-R1-2-3 144.0406 °21.4865 °1 708 玄武安山岩 表面呈黄褐色，切割面呈灰黑色，有裂痕，气孔较多且小而密，无填充物 H5-R1-2-4 144.0413 °21.4870 °1 632 玄武安山岩 表面呈黄褐色，分布有较少的细小的气孔。切割面呈灰黑色，沿边缘有弧形裂纹 
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表 2 马里亚纳弧NW Eifuku热液区岩石样品的主量元素
Table 2. Major elements of rock samples near the NW Eifuku hydrothermal vent in the Mariana Arc
wt.% 样品编号 Al2O3 CaO Fe2O3 K2O MgO MnO Na2O P2O5 TiO2 SiO2 LOI TOTAL 2-1 14.42 11.29 9.22 0.65 7.66 0.16 1.96 0.15 0.65 52.12 1.03 99.31 2-2 16.44 10.3 9.94 1.28 5.95 0.17 2.22 0.27 0.8 51.76 0.4 99.53 2-3 16.38 10.3 9.73 1.84 5.91 0.17 2.2 0.39 0.8 52.59 0.05 100.36 2-4外壳 15.89 10.51 9.57 1.78 6.09 0.17 2.11 0.37 0.78 52.24 0.72 100.23 2-4内1上 16.01 10.5 9.24 1.75 6.18 0.16 2.17 0.37 0.76 52.28 0.12 99.53 2-4内2中 16.24 10.5 9.08 1.71 6.42 0.16 2.22 0.36 0.75 52.76 0.46 100.66 2-4内3下 16.05 9.94 9.41 1.8 5.73 0.16 2.18 0.37 0.78 51.32 1.41 99.15
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表 3 马里亚纳弧NW Eifuku热液区近岩石中黄铁矿的S同位素组成
Table 3. The sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite in rock samples near the NW Eifuku hydrothermal vent in the Mariana Arc
黄铁矿类型 样品点号 δ34SV-CDT/‰ 气孔中 2-1-1T-12A −6.58 2-1-1T-13 −6.9 2-1-1T-16 −6.9 2-1-1T-20 −6.75 2-1-2T-1 −9.27 2-1-2T-2 −8.31 2-1-2T-9 −8.6 2-1-2T-12 −8.85 2-1-2T-13 −8.96 2-1-2T-18 −9.03 2-1-2J-4 −7.88 2-1-2J-8 −6.69 蚀变长石中 2-1-1T-8 −19.6 蚀变橄榄石中 2-1-1T-9A −16.62 2-1-1T-14 −12.7 2-1-2T-3 −9.01 斑晶裂隙中 2-1-1J-10 −9.37
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