Geochemical characteristics of the black rock series in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations on the western margin of the Upper Yangze and the sedimentology and tectonic implications
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摘要:
上扬子西缘晚奥陶世—早志留世广泛沉积五峰组和龙马溪组的黑色岩系，但关于其物源特征及构造背景缺乏系统性认识。为深入探讨其沉积环境、物源及构造背景，了解该地区不同阶段物源特征及构造演化特征，本文针对四川省筠连县金坷村剖面五峰组和龙马溪组下段黑色岩系地球化学特征进行系统分析。研究表明，该剖面五峰组ΣREE平均值为145.37×10−6，龙马溪组下段ΣREE平均值为158.54×10−6，均表现为轻稀土元素相对富集，重稀土元素亏损的特征；Rb、Th和U等大离子亲石元素富集，Nb、Sr及Ti等高场强元素亏损，Ce和Eu均表现为较弱的负异常。五峰组沉积期水体先加深后降低，导致其氧化还原环境经历了贫氧-厌氧-贫氧的转变，进入龙马溪组沉积期，气候迅速回暖，水体加深，再次转为贫氧环境。五峰组自下而上先加快后变缓的沉积特征和较为复杂的物源反映出晚奥陶世五峰期处于扬子板块向华夏板块俯冲碰撞的弧-陆碰撞岛弧环境，进入龙马溪期则转为稳定的构造环境，单一的物源也表明广西运动在该地区已阶段性结束。
Abstract:The black rock series of Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation are widely deposited from Late Ordovician to Early Silurian in the western margin of the upper Yangtze region. However, systematic studies on their sedimentology and tectonic background are scarce. In-depth studies on the geochemistry of samples from Wufeng Formation and the lower part of Longmaxi Formation in the Jinkecun section of Junlian County, Sichuan Province were conducted. Results show that the average σ ΣREE of Wufeng Formation in the section is 145.37×10−6, and that of the lower part of Longmaxi Formation is 158.54×10−6. Both are characterized by the relative enrichment of light rare earth elements and the loss of heavy rare earth elements. The enrichment of large-ion lithophile elements such as Rb, Th and U, and the loss of high-field strength elements such as Nb, Sr and Ti. Ce and Eu show weak negative anomalies. During the deposition period of Wufeng Formation, the water body first deepened and then shallowed, resulting in redox changes from hypoxic to anaerobic, and then to hypoxic condition again. When it entered the deposition period of Longmaxi Formation, the climate quickly warmed up, and the water body deepened and turned into a hypoxic environment again. The sedimentary characteristics of first accelerating and then slowing down from bottom to top and its relatively complex provenance of the Wufeng Formation reflect that the Wufeng Stage of the Late Ordovician was in an island arc environment during the arc-continent collision stage of the Yangtze Plate subduction and collision with Cathaysia Plate. It turned into a stable tectonic environment in the Longmaxi period. The single provenance also indicates that the Guangxi Movement in this area has ended in stages.
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表 1 金坷村剖面五峰组-龙马溪组样品主量、微量元素分析测试结果
Table 1. Analytic results of major and trace elements of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation samples in the Jinkecun section
样品编号 CaO MgO SiO2 Al2O3 TFe2O3 TiO2 P2O5 Na2O K2O CO2 FeO MnO Fe2O3 ΣREE LREE HREE LREE/
HREELaN/
YbNδEu La Ce PM078-3-1YQ 17.71 3.61 44.06 6.86 1.96 0.30 0.08 0.18 2.04 16.39 0.26 0.12 1.67 137.04 118.20 18.84 6.27 0.96 0.88 32.60 49.40 PM078-3-2YQ 18.44 2.92 46.94 5.06 2.30 0.23 0.08 0.16 1.50 16.54 0.25 0.10 2.02 117.86 99.35 18.51 5.37 0.81 0.87 26.80 41.20 PM078-3-3YQ 17.00 2.84 49.30 5.70 1.84 0.26 0.07 0.18 1.75 15.42 0.18 0.05 1.64 157.09 135.91 21.18 6.42 0.87 0.70 33.80 61.00 PM078-3-4YQ 16.25 2.38 49.84 6.33 2.06 0.32 0.08 0.25 1.90 14.17 0.32 0.04 1.70 136.56 119.81 16.75 7.15 1.12 0.78 30.40 53.30 PM078-4-1YQ 23.74 3.07 39.04 4.63 0.00 0.21 0.08 0.31 1.43 20.30 0.19 0.08 1.83 125.04 106.75 18.29 5.84 0.92 0.90 27.60 45.80 PM078-4-2YQ 20.33 3.62 38.70 6.24 0.00 0.32 0.11 1.10 1.48 18.52 0.40 0.05 2.35 150.18 128.04 22.14 5.78 0.78 0.79 35.00 55.00 PM078-4-3YQ 17.59 3.57 39.22 8.74 0.00 0.39 0.18 0.79 2.45 15.86 0.25 0.05 3.01 188.57 160.88 27.69 5.81 0.77 0.76 41.60 68.80 PM078-4-4YQ 21.26 2.44 39.94 7.21 0.00 0.37 0.17 0.49 2.09 17.36 0.18 0.06 2.69 150.58 129.97 20.61 6.31 0.97 0.89 35.00 54.60 PM078-5-1YQ 9.40 3.03 52.35 9.90 2.65 0.47 0.13 0.78 2.60 8.31 0.61 0.03 1.97 177.87 157.10 20.77 7.56 1.20 0.92 39.70 67.50 PM078-6-1YQ 0.36 2.24 64.50 16.00 3.86 0.70 0.10 0.56 4.36 0.44 0.27 0.01 3.56 178.58 162.06 16.52 9.81 1.25 0.92 36.80 75.20 PM078-7-1YQ 0.41 2.28 64.24 15.94 3.96 0.70 0.09 0.46 4.33 0.44 0.36 0.01 3.56 156.42 143.13 13.29 10.77 1.38 0.92 33.10 65.80 PM078-9-1YQ 5.78 2.71 54.87 16.17 4.97 0.68 0.09 0.80 4.18 4.42 2.35 0.03 2.35 135.69 120.73 14.96 8.07 1.06 0.95 26.00 54.00 PM078-10-1YQ 6.96 2.75 54.08 15.88 4.11 0.67 0.11 0.93 4.22 5.65 1.86 0.03 2.04 149.06 133.93 15.13 8.85 1.21 0.93 29.80 60.20 PM078-11-1YQ 8.38 2.46 52.62 15.64 4.06 0.66 0.10 0.86 4.16 6.43 1.77 0.03 2.09 139.89 124.66 15.23 8.19 1.07 0.93 26.50 55.90 PM078-13-1YQ 6.43 2.84 55.94 14.85 4.49 0.64 0.09 0.92 3.88 5.31 2.07 0.03 2.19 166.70 150.72 15.98 9.43 1.35 0.94 33.80 67.80 PM078-14-1YQ 6.22 2.84 54.90 15.65 4.76 0.65 0.09 0.82 4.12 4.80 2.13 0.03 2.39 164.12 148.28 15.84 9.36 1.29 0.95 32.80 67.20 样品编号 Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y Ni Co Cu Pb W As Se Cr PM078-3-1YQ 6.44 24.30 4.60 0.86 4.60 0.82 4.92 1.04 3.25 0.50 3.20 0.51 34.60 49.20 4.92 64.60 29.70 1.34 14.00 1.16 71.60 PM078-3-2YQ 5.38 21.00 4.16 0.81 4.56 0.80 4.85 1.03 3.17 0.48 3.13 0.49 37.10 52.40 4.94 46.60 40.20 1.55 18.80 1.48 47.80 PM078-3-3YQ 7.32 27.70 5.31 0.78 5.20 0.92 5.55 1.16 3.58 0.56 3.65 0.56 34.40 53.00 7.12 45.90 37.80 3.94 13.80 1.38 53.80 PM078-3-4YQ 6.40 24.40 4.56 0.75 4.46 0.76 4.48 0.92 2.76 0.41 2.56 0.40 29.60 61.00 8.08 57.00 41.60 1.40 15.40 1.71 61.00 PM078-4-1YQ 5.70 22.40 4.38 0.87 4.67 0.82 4.92 1.02 3.12 0.46 2.84 0.44 37.00 43.50 5.40 39.60 27.20 2.76 8.98 0.98 40.00 PM078-4-2YQ 6.83 25.60 4.80 0.81 4.84 0.90 5.62 1.22 3.99 0.64 4.25 0.68 40.60 84.00 7.48 45.00 28.10 2.04 13.60 3.46 45.30 PM078-4-3YQ 8.80 34.00 6.62 1.06 6.48 1.17 7.12 1.50 4.78 0.76 5.08 0.80 48.40 109.00 11.40 51.60 27.20 1.70 14.60 3.60 51.80 PM078-4-4YQ 7.10 27.20 5.09 0.98 5.22 0.90 5.38 1.14 3.50 0.53 3.40 0.54 42.50 65.60 7.21 33.00 21.40 5.02 14.00 2.32 43.40 PM078-5-1YQ 8.76 33.60 6.34 1.20 5.96 0.98 5.46 1.08 3.20 0.49 3.12 0.48 33.20 145.00 9.51 63.70 26.60 3.26 15.80 3.64 85.50 PM078-6-1YQ 9.28 34.10 5.68 1.00 4.58 0.73 4.09 0.84 2.64 0.42 2.78 0.44 26.20 39.00 7.17 23.00 21.60 3.38 11.20 1.38 87.80 PM078-7-1YQ 8.25 30.20 4.94 0.84 3.72 0.58 3.26 0.66 2.11 0.34 2.26 0.36 19.60 34.00 5.04 22.20 21.40 5.61 11.60 1.11 88.00 PM078-9-1YQ 7.08 27.50 5.19 0.96 4.34 0.70 3.86 0.74 2.28 0.36 2.32 0.36 22.00 40.20 13.00 26.60 22.70 10.80 6.02 0.54 81.40 PM078-10-1YQ 7.70 29.80 5.45 0.98 4.50 0.72 3.88 0.74 2.26 0.35 2.32 0.36 21.50 34.00 12.00 18.20 25.20 7.64 3.88 0.26 75.90 PM078-11-1YQ 7.24 28.60 5.44 0.98 4.46 0.72 3.96 0.76 2.27 0.36 2.34 0.36 21.50 37.70 11.90 20.90 23.20 7.00 4.55 0.28 74.80 PM078-13-1YQ 8.72 33.30 6.02 1.08 4.84 0.76 4.15 0.78 2.36 0.36 2.36 0.37 23.20 35.80 12.00 22.70 23.00 9.60 5.46 0.43 73.70 PM078-14-1YQ 8.65 32.70 5.86 1.07 4.74 0.76 4.05 0.78 2.38 0.36 2.40 0.37 23.10 35.80 13.50 22.30 21.70 6.06 5.26 0.45 78.00 样品编号 V Ga In Tl Rb Cs Th Hf Zr Nb Ta U Li B Sr Cd Ge Sn F Ba Sc PM078-3-1YQ 331 10.20 0.04 0.80 105 5.38 7.92 3.12 95.0 12.40 0.60 6.80 17.90 49.0 234.0 1.04 0.80 1.87 872 397 7.08 PM078-3-2YQ 204 8.14 0.03 0.89 77 3.78 5.94 2.06 60.4 5.70 0.43 8.13 14.20 34.1 370.0 0.89 0.68 1.51 631 292 5.26 PM078-3-3YQ 272 10.70 0.05 1.22 91 4.58 7.28 2.40 109.0 14.00 0.50 9.16 13.80 41.0 241.0 2.72 0.76 2.09 662 319 5.98 PM078-3-4YQ 313 10.40 0.04 1.34 97 5.00 8.05 2.82 116.0 12.20 0.66 8.98 15.00 43.8 224.0 1.00 0.76 1.76 728 354 6.02 PM078-4-1YQ 180 8.27 0.03 0.95 74 3.62 6.08 2.10 83.7 4.94 0.42 7.48 12.60 35.2 415.0 0.12 0.64 1.38 603 311 4.66 PM078-4-2YQ 152 10.40 0.05 3.12 73 3.64 7.85 3.30 128.0 14.90 0.64 9.01 10.80 35.2 261.0 4.04 0.74 1.94 610 290 7.32 PM078-4-3YQ 178 14.00 0.08 3.55 125 6.49 11.30 4.58 173.0 19.30 0.88 21.90 14.50 58.8 218.0 2.57 0.82 2.78 996 431 9.10 PM078-4-4YQ 87 11.60 0.04 0.99 107 5.52 9.34 3.70 128.0 12.80 0.75 6.04 14.60 54.5 312.0 0.28 0.81 2.15 803 388 9.34 PM078-5-1YQ 492 14.80 0.05 2.72 132 7.58 12.20 3.68 186.0 17.40 0.82 39.50 18.40 60.2 106.0 6.18 0.89 2.02 880 472 8.43 PM078-6-1YQ 140 22.20 0.09 1.73 226 13.90 17.20 4.68 148.0 19.40 1.46 5.72 32.80 101.0 31.8 0.18 1.43 3.60 1256 776 15.20 PM078-7-1YQ 140 20.80 0.08 1.50 214 13.60 15.90 4.56 127.0 18.70 1.40 5.28 35.20 112.0 29.5 0.12 1.40 3.70 1240 704 14.40 PM078-9-1YQ 100 19.60 0.08 1.26 182 11.60 15.40 3.87 182.0 19.60 1.22 3.50 46.80 96.4 88.9 0.08 1.54 3.72 1136 696 13.40 PM078-10-1YQ 87 20.20 0.07 1.15 209 12.60 17.00 4.26 210.0 20.00 1.30 3.06 44.40 100.0 94.3 0.07 1.54 3.88 1034 670 12.90 PM078-11-1YQ 91 19.80 0.07 1.16 212 11.90 16.60 3.94 198.0 19.60 1.28 2.92 43.60 105.0 102.0 0.12 1.49 3.82 1026 647 13.40 PM078-13-1YQ 89 19.60 0.07 1.16 198 11.20 16.30 4.08 211.0 19.40 1.22 3.76 47.00 87.2 102.0 0.10 1.54 3.52 944 650 12.90 PM078-14-1YQ 91 20.80 0.07 1.24 214 12.00 17.00 4.14 207.0 19.00 1.30 3.68 50.00 90.8 97.0 0.08 1.54 3.84 1046 654 13.60 注：常量元素的单位为%，微量元素的单位为10−6。 
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