Sedimentary distribution model and oil & gas geological significance of oolitic limestone in Feixianguan Formation of the Paleo-Central Depression in Northern Sichuan
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摘要:
四川盆地北部古中坳陷飞仙关组是天然气高产层位，其中，白云化鲕粒灰岩是优质储层，其发育受沉积相的控制。深入研究鲕粒灰岩的沉积特征、分布模式有助于指导该区天然气的勘探与开发。为区分飞仙关组具体的沉积相带，利用研究区Q1井岩石取芯资料，通过偏光显微镜对岩石薄片进行观察。观察结果表明，研究区包含6类鲕粒，主要以表鲕、方解石变晶鲕为主，其次为真鲕、负鲕、白云石变晶鲕以及少量的复鲕。各类鲕粒在不同深度段混杂沉积，主要富集于泥晶鲕粒灰岩、泥晶含云鲕粒灰岩、亮晶鲕粒灰岩中。鲕粒的产出特征及其镜下特征分析结果认为，鲕粒沉积于有障壁海岸的台地环境，其沉积微相包含鲕粒滩、鲕滩生物礁、潮汐通道、生屑滩、潟湖泥和静水泥共6类，其中，鲕粒见于鲕粒滩、鲕滩生物礁和潮汐通道这3类微相中。根据沉积相划分结果，白云石变晶鲕沉积在开阔台地相带内的浪基面附近，多富集在泥晶含云鲕粒灰岩中。亮晶鲕粒灰岩包含所有鲕粒类型；泥晶鲕粒灰岩仅含方解石变晶鲕和负鲕，可以指示潮汐通道微相，作为局限台地相的判断标志；泥晶含云鲕粒灰岩中的变晶鲕均呈白云石变晶特征，归属于开阔台地相。沉积相的确立有利于还原研究区的古地理环境，进而判断优质储层的位置，为测井解释评价和油气开采提供可靠依据。
Abstract:The Feixianguan Formation in the Paleo-Central Depression of the Northern Sichuan Basin hosts high-yield quality natural gas reservoirs in the dolomitized oolitic limestone under the control of sedimentary facies. Understanding the sedimentary characteristics and distribution patterns of the oolitic limestone could help guide the exploration and development of natural gas in this area. Specific sedimentary facies zones of the Feixianguan Formation were distinguished using rock core from Well Q1 in the study area via microscopic thin-section observation. Results indicate that the study area contains 6 types of ooids, mainly surface ooids and calcitic-metacrystic ooids, followed by true ooids, “negative ooids” (or hollow ooids due to selective dissolution after oolite formation), dolomitic-metacrystic ooids, and some complex ooids. Various types of ooids were mixed and deposited at different depths, enriched in mainly micritic-oolitic limestone, micritic dolomictic-oolitic limestone, and oolitic sparite. The analysis on the occurrence and microscopic characteristics of ooids suggested that the ooids were deposited in a platform environment with barrier coasts, and their sedimentary microfacies include 6 types: ooid beach, oolitic biological reef, tidal channel, bioclastic beach, lagoon ooze, and stagnant water ooze. Ooids were found in 3 types of microfacies: ooid beach, oolitic biological reef, and tidal channel. Classification of sedimentary facies showed that metacrystic ooids were deposited near wave base in open platform, and enriched mostly in micritic dolomictic-oolitic limestone. The oolitic sparite contains all types of ooids, while the micritic dolomictic-oolitic limestone contains only calcitic-metacrystic oolites and “negative oolites”, indicating tidal channel microfacies and restricted platform facies. The metacrystic ooids in the dolomictic-oolitic limestone are characteristic of dolomitic metacrysts, representing open platform facies. The establishment of sedimentary facies is beneficial for paleogeographic reconstruction of the study area, thereby determining the location of quality productive reservoirs, and providing reliable basis for logging data interpretation and evaluation for effective oil and gas extraction.
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表 1 Q2井飞仙关组气测显示记录
Table 1. Gas logging record of the Feixianguan Formation in Well Q2
序号 层位/m 井段 岩性 气测显示 1 4 932.00～4 935.79 飞三—飞一段 褐灰色灰岩 气侵 2 4 941.00～4 944.59 飞三—飞一段 灰色灰岩 气测异常 3 4 964.00～4 968.00 飞三—飞一段 褐灰色含云灰岩 气测异常 4 4 975.00～4 981.50 飞三—飞一段 褐灰色含云灰岩 气测异常 
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表 2 Q2井飞仙关组测井综合解释成果
Table 2. Comprehensive log interpretation of the Feixianguan Formation in Well Q2
井段/m 厚度/m 孔隙度/% 含水饱和度/% 解释结论 岩性 微相 亚相 相 4933.6 ～4936.5 2.9 2.0～2.3 19～32 差气层 泥晶鲕粒灰岩 潮汐通道 局限台地 有障壁海岸 4960.0 ～4973.5 13.5 2.0～2.4 13～17 差气层 泥晶含云灰岩 潟湖泥 开阔台地
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