An experimental study of the ecological restoration of rock slope based on polyurethane composite-based materials
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摘要:
为解决目前岩质边坡客土喷播生态修复中存在的客土基材滑落、坡面表层土流失严重和植被生长差等问题，采用聚氨酯有机高分子材料与土体结合组成聚氨酯复合基材，用于边坡生态修复。通过室内试验对其强度、抗冲刷性以及影响植被生长情况进行研究，并在典型岩质边坡上进行现场试验，对聚氨酯复合基材的有效性进行验证。研究结果表明：聚氨酯有机高分子对于复合基材的强度和抗冲刷性具有显著的提升作用，随着聚氨酯有机高分子浓度增加，聚氨酯复合基材的强度增加，抗冲刷能力提高。与未添加的试样进行对比，浓度为1%聚氨酯复合基材的强度为113.63 kPa，提高幅度约为95.45%；20%浓度试样的峰值冲刷量为28.8 g，降低幅度约为71.2%。聚氨酯有机高分子可以有效促进植被种子的发芽与生长。当聚氨酯有机高分子浓度由0%提高到10%时，种子的发芽率由12%提升到68%。但当聚氨酯有机高分子浓度过大时，会对植被的发芽和生长发生抑制作用。研究结果可为岩质边坡的生态防护提供一定的参考与借鉴。
Abstract:In view of the problems existing in the ecological restoration of rock slope, such as the slide of the soil substrate, the serious loss of the surface soil and the poor growth of vegetation, etc., in this paper, polyurethane organic polymer materials and soil are used to form a polyurethane composite substrate. The strength, erosion resistance and vegetation growth of the composite substrate are studied through laboratory tests. In addition, a suitable site is chosen for field test to verify the effectiveness of the polyurethane composite substrate. The specific research results show that the existence of the polyurethane organic polymer has a significant effect on the strength and anti-scour of the composite substrate, and with the increasing concentration of the polyurethane organic polymer, the strength and anti-scour of the polyurethane composite substrate also increase. Compared with the specimens not added, the strength of 1% polyurethane composite substrate is 113.63 kPa, with an increasing rate of about 95.45%. The peak scouring amount of 20% polyurethane composite substrate is 28.8 g, with a decreasing rate of about 71.2%. The polyurethane organic polymer can effectively improve the germination and growth of vegetation seeds. When the concentration of polyurethane increases from 0% to 10%, the germination rate of seeds increases from 12% to 68%. When the concentration of the polyurethane organic polymer is too high, it will inhibit the germination and growth of vegetation. The polyurethane composite substrate can effectively repair the rock slope, and the effect is significant. The research results may provide some references for the ecological protection of rock slope, and are of important theoretical and practical significance.
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Key words:
- rock slope /
- polyurethane /
- composite-based material /
- external soil /
- ecological restoration
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表 1 下蜀土基本物理性质
Table 1. Basic physical properties of the Xiashu soil
物理指标 比重 液限/% 塑限/% 塑性指数 最优含水率/% 最大干密度/（g·cm−3） 颗粒百分含量/% 0.075～1.000 mm 0.005～0.075 mm <0.005 mm 取值 2.71 37.1 20.5 18.2 19.5 1.72 7.7 68.5 23.8 
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表 2 强度试验结果
Table 2. Strength test results
编号 聚氨酯浓度/% 土层峰值强度/kPa 土层残余强度/kPa 1 0 58.14 24.28 2 1 113.63 57.18 3 2 120.19 80.77 4 10 132.69 88.77 5 20 142.00 88.48
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表 3 各试样种子发芽率
Table 3. Statistics of seed germination rate of each specimen
聚氨酯有机高分子浓度/% 各种子发芽率/% 累计发芽率/% 苜蓿 紫穗槐 马棘 0 5 3 4 12 1 16 13 5 34 2 32 30 3 65 10 35 32 1 68 20 6 5 0 11
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