Comprehensive evaluation of rock and soil quality of different geological stratum groups in Pingshuo opencast coal mine reclamation area
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摘要:
露天煤矿生态地质环境系统恢复过程中，排于地表的不同年代地质层组的岩土剥离物都有可能成为复垦土壤母质。为科学合理利用矿区岩土剥离物，重构高质量复垦土壤，并指导后期分类排放，以平朔露天矿区黄土母质作为对照，评价不同类型岩土理化性状差异，从复垦土壤母质来源进行造地的源头控制，为露天煤矿土地复垦与生态修复提供依据。结合单项养分含量及有益微量元素含量分析结果，借助修正的内梅罗综合指数法，评价各岩土层肥力质量；借助单因子质量指数法，评价各岩土层环境质量。结果表明：各岩土层综合肥力系数位于0.40～1.26范围内，属贫瘠或一般水平；安家岭矿中2个煤矸石层的有机质或全氮含量、上部页岩层的全钾含量，以及东露天矿中炭质泥岩层的全磷含量丰富，显著高于黄土母质层；东露天矿底部细砂岩层及安家岭矿中泥灰岩层硫含量过高；东露天矿镉元素环境质量指数为1.05，属轻微污染等级；安家岭矿底部细砂岩层pH值低至4.25，酸度过大。平朔露天矿大多岩土层环境质量较好，但综合肥力质量较差，其中单项养分含量丰富，环境质量安全且易于风化的岩土层，适宜作为重构复垦土壤的备选材料。
Abstract:In order to make scientific and rational use of waste rock and soil in mining areas, guide its classification and discard and reconstruct high quality reclaimed soil, the loess parent material in the Pingshuo opencast mining area is used as a control to analyze the differences in physical and chemical properties of different types of rock and soil layers, and the source control of land reclamation is conducted from the source of the reclaimed soil parent material. It may provide a basis for land reclamation and ecological restoration in opencast coal mines. Combining the analysis results of the single nutrient content and beneficial trace element content, with the help of the modified Nemero comprehensive index method, the fertility quality of each rock and soil layer is comprehensively evaluated. With the single factor quality index method, the environmental quality of each rock and soil layer is also evaluated. The comprehensive fertility coefficient of each rock and soil layer is in the range of 0.40 to 1.26, which is barren or general. The organic matter or total nitrogen content of the two gangue layers in the Anjialing Mine, the total potassium content of the upper shale layer in the Anjialing Mine, and the total phosphorus content of the carbonaceous mudstone layer in the East Opencast Mine are rich, which are significantly higher than those of the loess parent material layer. The fine sandstone layer at the bottom of the East Opencast Mine and the marl layer in the Anjialing Mine have excessively high sulfur content, and the former cadmium element environmental quality index is 1.05, which is a slight pollution level. The pH value of the fine sandstone layer at the bottom of the Anjialing Mine is as low as 4.25 and the acidity is too high. Most of the rock and soil layers in the Pingshuo opencast mine are of good environmental quality but poor comprehensive fertility quality. The rock and soil layers with safe environmental quality, which have rich individual nutrient contents and are easily weathered, can be used as the alternative material for rebuilding the reclaimed soil. It is conducive to improving the quality of the reclaimed soil and improving the productivity of reclaimed soil in a short time.
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表 1 采样点信息及样品描述
Table 1. Sampling points informations and samples descriptions
安太堡矿坑 安家岭矿坑 东露天矿坑 编号 深度/m 岩土性状 地层 编号 深度/m 岩土性状 地层 编号 深度/m 岩土性状 地层 B1 13 黄土 第四系 L1 7 黄土 第四系 T1 29 黄土 第四系 B2 18 红土 新近系 L2 53 红土 新近系 T2 36 红土 新近系 B3 112 砂岩 二叠系 L3 57 细砂岩 二叠系 T3 89 红土 B4 115 中细粒砂岩 石炭系 L4 95 页岩 T4 103 细砂岩 二叠系 B5 116 变质细砂岩 L5 108 细砂岩 T5 122 炭质泥岩 B6A 118 砂质页岩 L6A 118 煤矸石（炭质页岩） 石炭系 T6 135 泥灰岩夹灰黄色泥云岩 B6B 风化物 L6B T7 142 中细粒花岗闪长岩 石炭系 B7A 143 中细粒花岗闪长岩 L7 126 炭质泥岩 T8 153 中粒二长花岗岩 B7B 风化物 L8 163 泥灰岩，层间或裂隙见
方解石细脉充填T9 156 泥灰岩 B8 147 泥灰岩 L9A 167 煤矸石（炭质泥岩） T10 174 粉砂岩夹炭质泥岩 L9B T11 181 砂质页岩 L10 183 细砂岩 T12 205 细砂岩 L11 186 页岩 注：B6A—未风化层，B6B—风化层；B7A—未风化层，B7B—风化层；L6A—岩层上层，L6B—岩层下层；L9A—岩层上层，L9B—岩层下层。 
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表 2 正相关指标标准化计算
Table 2. Standardized calculation of positive correlation index
分级标准 计算方法 差（ 
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中等（ 
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较好（ 
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好（ 
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表 3 负相关指标标准化计算
Table 3. Standardized calculation of negative correlation index
分级标准 计算方法 差（ 
）
中等（ 
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较好（ 
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好（ 
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表 4 各属性分级标准
Table 4. Grading Standard of each attribute
属性 
pH值（≥7） 8.5 8.0 7.5 pH值（≤7） 4.5 5.5 6.5 有机质/（g·kg−1） 6 10 20 全氮/（g·kg−1） 0.50 0.75 1.00 全磷/（g·kg−1） 0.4 0.6 0.8 全钾/（g·kg−1） 10 15 20 有效磷/（mg·kg−1） 3 5 10 速效钾/（mg·kg−1） 50 100 150
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表 6 单因子质量指数等级
Table 6. Grade of single factor quality index
环境质量指数 污染等级 
无污染 
轻微污染 
轻度污染 
中度污染 
重度污染
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