Land deformation monitoring and spatiotemporal evolution characteristics analysis of coal mine goaf in Jilin Province based on time series InSAR
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摘要:
吉林省煤炭开采遗留的大量采空区造成严重的地表沉降，给采空区土地规划和经济结构转型升级带来了严重隐患。为填补吉林省煤炭采空区地表形变研究的空白，利用SBAS-InSAR技术对2017—2021年（Sentinel-1B降轨数据，957 景）的地表形变情况进行定量分析，并通过精度评估和现场实地调查验证 InSAR 技术监测结果的可靠性，以分析探讨吉林省煤炭采空区地表形变的发展趋势。研究结果表明：（1）营城、羊草沟和双阳等11个采空区发生了显著的地表沉降，梅河口、万宝和珲春富强采空区因沉陷治理造成地表堆填型抬升；（2）2017—2021年，吉林省煤炭采空区总沉降面积为71.47 km2，最大沉降速率为243.16 mm/a，最大累计沉降量为
1104.3 mm；（3）监测期间，吉林省煤炭采空区整体地表沉降较为缓慢，但羊草沟、浑江区和江源区等9个存在重度沉降以上的采空区，在中心区域发生了严重沉降，其中羊草沟采空区沉降最为严重；（4）吉林省煤炭采空区地表沉降主要由大规模开采地下煤炭资源引起，浅部采空区“活化”是重要因素，软弱岩类的地层岩性和工程地质特性也起到了一定的推动作用，未来沉降可能继续加剧。矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦工程的有效实施是发生堆填型抬升的直接原因。-
关键词:
- 小基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术 /
- 煤炭采空区 /
- 地表形变监测 /
- 时空演化态势 /
- 吉林省
Abstract:A large number of goafs left by coal mining in Jilin Province has caused serious surface subsidence, which has brought serious hidden dangers to the goafs land and the transformation and upgrading of economic structure. To fill the gap in the research on surface deformation of coal mine goaf in Jilin Province, the SBAS-InSAR technology was used to quantitatively analyze the surface deformation from 2017 to 2021 (Sentinel-1B orbital drop data, 957 scenes). The reliability of the monitoring results of InSAR technology was verified through accuracy assessment and field investigation. The development trend of surface deformation in coal mine goaf in Jilin Province was analyzed and discussed. The results show that significant surface subsidence occurred in 11 goaf areas such as Yingcheng, Yangcaogou, and Shuangyang. The surface landfilling uplift was caused by subsidence control in the goafs of Meihekou, Wanbao, and Hunchun Fuqiang. From 2017 to 2021, the total subsidence area of coal goaf in Jilin Province is 71.47 km2, with the maximum subsidence rate of 243.16 mm/a and the maximum cumulative subsidence amount of
1104.3 mm. During the monitoring period, the overall surface subsidence of the coal goaf in Jilin Province is relatively slow. The nine goafs with more than heavy subsidence, such as Yangcaogou, Hunjiang, and Jiangyuan, have serious subsidence in the central areas, among which the Yangcaogou goaf subsidence is the most serious. The surface subsidence of coal mine goaf in Jilin Province is mainly caused by large-scale mining of underground coal resources, and the “activation” of shallow goaf is an important factor. The formation lithology and engineering geological characteristics of soft rocks also play a certain role in promoting it. -
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表 1 研究区SAR影像数据源
Table 1. SAR image data source in the study area
序号 影像覆盖的研究区 时间范围 影像数 轨道号 1 三道、新立城、营城、羊草沟、双阳、公主岭、孟家岭 2017-01-11—2021-12-16 148 105/446 2 舒兰 2017-01-18—2021-12-11 124 32/442—443 3 蛟河、桦甸 2017-01-18—2021-12-11 124 32/447—448 4 辽源、梅河口、辉南 2017-01-11—2021-12-16 146 105/451 5 二道江、通化县、浑江、江源、临江 2017-01-18—2021-12-11 131 32/453 6 万宝 2017-01-09—2021-12-14 135 76/438 7 和龙、龙井、珲春 2017-01-01—2021-12-18 149 134/451 
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表 2 SBAS-InSAR数据处理超级主影像、时空基线和像对数
Table 2. Super master images, spatiotemporal baselines, and image numbers processed by SBAS-InSAR
序号 研究区 超级主影像 时间基线/d 像对数 最小时间基线/d 最大时间基线/d 最小空间基线/m 最大空间基线/m 1 三道 2019-06-30 90 705 12 84 1.80 102.24 新立城 2 营城/羊草沟 2019-06-30 90 713 12 84 1.89 110.47 3 双阳 2019-06-30 90 709 12 84 1.35 107.78 4 公主岭 2019-06-30 90 715 12 84 1.55 111.46 孟家岭 5 舒兰 2019-06-01 120 618 12 120 1.47 116.61 6 蛟河 2019-06-01 120 594 12 120 1.60 100.34 7 桦甸 2019-06-01 120 610 12 120 1.54 109.52 8 西安区 2019-07-12 120 730 12 120 1.82 101.59 东辽县 9 梅河口 2019-07-12 90 701 12 84 1.89 104.52 10 辉南 2019-04-26 90 613 12 84 1.49 123.33 11 二道江 2019-04-14 90 612 12 84 1.36 116.23 通化县 浑江区 12 江源区 2019-04-14 120 618 12 120 1.39 107.68 13 临江 2019-04-14 90 662 12 84 1.34 98.70 14 万宝 2019-10-02 180 688 12 180 1.56 136.20 15 珲春 2019-07-26 120 707 12 120 0.68 91.01 16 和龙/龙井 2019-06-20 90 719 12 84 0.77 104.40
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表 3 吉林省煤炭采空区地表形变信息统计
Table 3. Information statistics of surface deformation in the mined-out areas of Jilin Province
序号 采空区 最大累计形变量/mm 最大形变速率/（mm·a−1） 平均形变速率/（mm·a−1） 面积/km2 面积占比/% 1 营城 −278.9 −55.40 −11.38 8.85 12.05 2 羊草沟 − 1104.3 −243.16 −29.32 20.51 27.92 3 双阳 −528.4 −136.36 −30.37 4.23 5.76 4 公主岭 −365.7 −65.58 −28.91 0.55 0.75 5 蛟河 −499.7 −103.73 −46.78 3.24 4.41 6 桦甸 −240.5 −51.65 −21.96 4.26 5.80 7 东辽县 −382.1 −76.00 −37.74 0.27 0.37 8 西安区 −493.8 −96.73 −42.27 3.89 5.29 9 浑江区 −770.9 −163.45 −55.37 2.47 6.08 10 江源区 −566.4 −122.11 −39.47 6.49 8.83 11 珲春 −366.1 −72.07 −21.37 16.71 22.74 12 梅河口 370.3 72.75 19.95 4.14 51.11 13 万宝 140.8 33.64 10.26 1.20 14.82 14 珲春富强 232.2 39.61 17.00 2.76 34.07
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表 4 采空区地表沉降程度等级统计
Table 4. Degree grade statistics of mining area surface subsidence
采空区 面积
/km2地表沉降程度等级 轻度（10～<40 mm/a） 中度(40～<60 mm/a） 重度(60～<100 mm/a） 极重度（≥ 100 mm/a） 面积/km2 占比/% 面积/km2 占比/% 面积/km2 占比/% 面积/km2 占比/% 营城 8.85 8.84 99.89 0.01 0.11 羊草沟 20.51 16.44 80.16 1.46 7.12 1.75 8.53 0.86 4.19 双阳 4.23 3.62 85.58 0.31 7.33 0.27 6.38 0.03 0.71 公主岭 0.55 0.48 87.27 0.06 10.91 0.01 1.82 蛟河 3.24 1.68 51.85 0.94 29.01 0.62 19.14 桦甸 4.26 3.99 93.66 0.27 6.34 西安区、东辽县 4.16 2.31 55.53 1.25 30.05 0.60 14.42 浑江区 2.47 1.32 53.44 0.46 18.62 0.49 19.84 0.20 8.10 江源区 6.49 4.27 65.79 1.15 17.72 0.93 14.33 0.14 2.16 珲春 16.71 15.26 91.32 1.26 7.54 0.19 1.14
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表 5 采空区地表形变年均速率标准差
Table 5. Standard deviation of average annual rate of surface deformation in mining area
序号 采空区 平均形变速率
标准差范围/（mm·a−1）平均形变速率标准差
平均值/（mm·a−1）1 营城 0.19～ 4.51 2.66 2 羊草沟 0.12～5.02 2.60 3 双阳 0.19～5.03 3.12 4 公主岭 0.10～4.14 2.82 5 蛟河 0.15～3.73 2.66 6 桦甸 0.16～4.19 2.83 7 西安区、东辽县 0.17～3.91 2.00 8 梅河口 0.21～5.95 2.99 9 浑江区 0.12～4.78 2.17 10 江源区 0.19～4.49 3.49 11 万宝 0.13～2.52 1.60 12 珲春 0.05～4.35 2.18
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