Stability analysis of slag heap in “scoop-shaped” valley area based on multi-profile residual thrust method
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摘要:
由于三面环山的基础优势，废弃矿渣大多选择堆积在周围高、中间低的“瓢形”场地。通过对“瓢形”沟谷区域地形及渣堆形态的分析认为，渣堆前缘存在应力集中现象，采用常规方法计算得到的渣堆稳定性可能存在稳定性系数偏高的问题，因此有必要针对“瓢形”堆渣场地提出一种改进的稳定性计算方法。考虑到“瓢形”场地“大肚子，小收口”的地形特点，基于剩余推力法提出改进的多剖面剩余推力法，并利用煤矸石材料进行不同长宽比和不同谷坡坡度的物理模型堆渣试验，以验证计算方法的合理性。试验结果表明，当沟谷长宽比在1～2之间且谷坡坡度大于材料的内摩擦角时，渣堆前缘出现应力集中现象，并且渣堆前缘的应力大小随谷坡坡度的增大而增大。分别采用传统剩余推力法（单剖面法）和多剖面法计算模型渣堆的稳定性系数，多剖面法的计算结果要小于单剖面法的计算结果，且多剖面法计算所得主剖面上剩余下滑力与监测数据基本一致，误差在5%以内。因此，多剖面剩余推力法在计算“瓢形”场地渣堆边坡稳定性时具有较高的可靠性，能够为“瓢形”弃渣场的风险防控和防灾减灾工程设计提供一定的参考依据和方法支撑。
Abstract:Due to the basic advantages of being surrounded by mountains on three sides, most of the waste slag is selected to accumulate in the “scoop-shaped” site with high surroundings and low middle. Through the analysis of the topography and slag heap morphology of the “scoop-shaped” valley area, it is considered that there is a stress concentration at the leading edge of the slag heap, and the stability coefficient of the slag heap calculated by conventional methods may be high. Thus, it is necessary to propose an improved stability calculation method for the “scoop-shaped” slag heap site. Considering the terrain characteristics of the “big belly and small closure” of the “scoop-shaped” site, an improved multi-profile residual thrust method was proposed in this study based on the residual thrust method. The physical model slag tests with different aspect ratios and different slope gradients were carried out by using coal gangue materials to verify the rationality of the calculation method. The test results show that when the aspect ratio of the valley is between 1−2 and the slope of the valley is greater than the internal friction angle of the material, the stress concentration occurs at the leading edge of the slag heap, and the stress at the leading edge of the slag heap increases with the increase of the slope of the valley. The stability coefficient of the model slag heap is calculated by the traditional residual thrust method (single-profile method) and the multi-profile method, respectively. The calculation results of the multi-profile method are smaller than those of the single-profile method, and the residual sliding force on the main profile calculated by the multi-profile method is basically consistent with the monitoring data, with the error of less than 5%. Therefore, the multi-profile residual thrust method has high reliability in calculating the stability of the slag heap slope in the “scoop-shaped” site. The method can provide a basis and method support for the risk prevention and control as well as disaster prevention and mitigation engineering design of the “scoop-shaped” slag dump.
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表 1 煤矸石主要物理力学性质参数
Table 1. Main physical and mechanical property parameters of coal gangue
参数 重度/（kN·m−3） 休止角/（°） 黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/（°） 数值 17.47 32.56 0 28.88 
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