Characteristics of water absorption capacity of weathered sandstone based on nuclear magnetic resonance and wave velocity testing
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摘要:
水是岩石风化破坏的关键因素，高吸水性岩石一般更易受到风化破坏，但一直缺少原位评估岩石吸水能力的方法。为探究岩石吸水能力的控制因素，以云冈石窟不同风化程度砂岩为研究对象，采用核磁共振技术测得岩石样品的孔隙度和孔径分布，建立砂岩自由吸水率与密度、孔隙度、孔径的关系。结果表明：砂岩自由吸水率与密度呈线性关系，但两者的斜率与风化程度有关；砂岩自由吸水率与孔隙度、小孔（0.1～1.0 μm）占比均呈正相关性，其中孔隙度是控制砂岩自由吸水率的主要原因，孔隙结构是控制砂岩自由吸水率的次要原因；由于波速受孔隙度和孔隙结构控制，自由吸水率与波速有良好的线性关系，因此提出可以通过原位测试波速估算岩体表层自由吸水率。本研究加深了对风化砂岩吸水性控制机理的认识，并提出了一种可以原位获得石质文物自由吸水率的方法，对石质文物保护具有重要的指导意义。
Abstract:Water is a key factor in the weathering and erosion of rocks, and highly porous rocks are generally more susceptible to weathering. However, there has been a lack of in-situ methods for assessing the water absorption capacity of rocks. To investigate the controlling factors of rock water absorption capacity, sandstone with different degrees of weathering collected from the Yungang Grottoes were selected as the study material. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was employed to test the porosity and pore size distribution of rock samples, and to establish the relationship between the free water absorption rate of sandstone and its density, porosity, and pore size. The results indicate that there is a linear relationship between the free water absorption rate and the density of sandstone, with the slope of the relationship being influenced by the degree of weathering. Additionally, the free water absorption rate of the sandstone is positively correlated with porosity and the proportion of small pores (0.1－1.0 μm), with porosity being the primary controlling factor and pore structure being the secondary controlling factor. This study deepens our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the water absorption of weathered sandstone. Furthermore, since wave velocity is also influenced by porosity and pore structure, a good linear relationship was observed between the free water absorption rate and wave velocity. Therefore, it is suggested that the free water absorption rate of rock mass can be estimated by in-situ testing of wave velocity.
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表 1 岩石样品的物理参数及各类孔隙占比
Table 1. Physical parameters and proportions of different types of pores of the rock samples
岩芯编号 自由吸水率/% 波速/（km·s−1） 密度/（g·cm−3） 孔隙度/% 微孔占比/% 小孔占比/% 中孔占比/% 大孔占比/% 1 9.44 3.38 2.33 12.28 0.21 25.46 54.47 19.86 2 8.17 3.57 2.39 10.59 5.53 23.91 53.92 16.65 3 9.10 3.47 2.37 10.50 0.00 21.59 55.62 22.79 4 8.86 3.38 2.38 10.41 0.25 12.13 59.96 27.65 6 8.67 2.91 2.44 10.20 1.40 32.96 45.37 20.27 10 8.74 3.14 2.42 10.65 0.00 17.33 56.35 26.32 16 9.13 3.09 2.40 10.72 0.00 20.40 53.26 26.35 21 8.83 3.22 2.44 10.64 1.33 21.91 50.31 26.45 111a 9.51 3.13 2.36 10.94 2.87 26.31 57.41 13.40 111b 9.49 2.90 2.33 11.34 6.17 28.11 52.48 13.24 112a 10.67 2.75 2.32 13.06 1.75 35.40 44.09 18.76 112b 10.10 2.74 2.43 12.81 2.64 42.76 41.59 13.01 136a 9.42 2.98 2.37 9.78 0.00 21.00 61.13 17.87 136b 9.36 2.90 2.40 9.84 3.96 25.27 59.33 11.45 136c 9.01 3.13 2.36 9.26 0.00 19.81 59.46 20.73 137a 8.90 3.29 2.41 9.16 0.00 29.94 52.98 17.08 137b 9.02 3.68 2.41 12.40 7.13 38.00 43.01 11.87 137d 9.06 3.47 2.37 10.51 5.57 35.05 51.10 8.28 39a 9.88 2.75 2.29 13.62 4.31 28.42 49.45 17.82 39b 10.77 2.50 2.30 12.60 4.85 33.55 48.65 12.94 40a 8.66 3.29 2.45 7.69 0.00 31.94 57.80 10.26 40b 8.84 3.03 2.41 8.68 7.08 34.46 48.80 9.66 
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