Analysis of hydrothermal coupling response characteristics of frozen soil subgrade of high-speed railway in cold region
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摘要:
冻土水热耦合问题的控制方程具有强耦合特性，使得相应的数值计算存在一定挑战，进而影响其在工程实践中的应用。根据能量守恒、质量守恒原理及土体冻结曲线，给出了考虑相变效应的冻土水热耦合理论模型，而后数学推导得到解耦的理论模型方程以便优化数值求解。基于COMSOL平台二次开发实现了冻土水热耦合过程的数值建模。使用兰州—乌鲁木齐（兰新）客运专线路基的实测数据进行数值计算的验证，并在拟合的地表边界条件下开展了该冻土路基水热耦合的数值分析。分析表明：（1）不同深度观测点对应的温度和含水率数值解与实测值具有较好的一致性，从而验证了所解耦的冻土水热耦合理论模型的可靠性。（2）土层对温度和含水率周期性变化时的幅值均有“削峰”作用，且不同深度观测点的温度和含水率正弦变化曲线均有一定的相位滞后现象；其中，温度幅值削峰和相位滞后是热传导过程的能量耗散引起，而含水率曲线的类似现象则可能是冰水相变改变土层渗透性的缘故。（3）近地表附近温度等值线较密，而远地表土层中温度等值线较疏，表明路基表层更易受外界温度波动影响，夏季时温度自上而下逐渐降低，而冬季时温度自上而下逐渐升高。（4）路基断面中含水率随着深度的增加而增大，约在含水泥粗粒土材料和填料的界面附近达到峰值，体现了材料界面对水分迁移的影响效应，而后随深度增加含水率逐渐降低。研究成果可为寒区路基等工程的建造提供一定的理论支撑。
Abstract:Coupled heat and water transfer in frozen soil presents certain challenges for numerical computation due to the strong coupling nature of its control equations, thereby affecting their application in engineering practice. Based on the principles of energy conservation, mass conservation, and the soil freezing curve, a theoretical model for the coupled heat and water transfer in frozen soil, considering phase change effects, was proposed. Subsequently, decoupled control equations were derived through mathematical deduction to optimize numerical solutions. Numerical modeling of the coupled water and heat transfer process in frozen soil was implemented through secondary development on the COMSOL platform. The measured data from the subgrade of the Lanxin Passenger Dedicated Line were used for numerical validation, and numerical analysis was conducted under fitted surface boundary conditions. The analysis indicates the numerical solutions of temperature and moisture content at different depth exhibit good agreement with the measured values, thereby validating the reliability of the decoupled theoretical model for coupled heat and water transfer in frozen soil. The soil layer has a “peak damping” effect on the amplitude of periodic variations in temperature and moisture content, and the sine wave curves of temperature and moisture content at different depth present certain phase lag phenomena. Among these, temperature amplitude attenuation and phase lag are caused by energy dissipation in the heat conduction process, while similar phenomena in moisture content curves may be due to phase changes between ice and water altering soil permeability. The temperature contour lines near the surface are denser, while those in the deeper soil layers are sparser. The surface layer of the roadbed is more susceptible to external temperature fluctuations. During summer, the temperature gradually decreases from top to bottom, whereas in winter, the temperature gradually increases from top to bottom. The moisture content in the subgrade section increases with depth, reaching a peak near the interface between the cemented coarse-grained soil material and the fill material, highlighting the influence of material interfaces on moisture migration, and then gradually decreases with increasing depth. The research findings provide technical support for the construction of engineering projects such as roadbeds in cold regions.
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表 1 主要物性参数
Table 1. Physics parameters
物性参数 取值 含水泥粗粒土 填料 路基填土 水 冰 密度/（kg·m−3） 2 300 2 060 1 900 1 000 918 体积热容/（kJ·m−3·K−1） 920 860 1 000 4 180 1 874 导热系数/（W·m−1·K−1） 1.51 1.41 1.00 0.58 2.22 渗透系数/（m·s−1） 1×10−7 1×10−4 1×10−6 — — 
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