Deformation and failure mechanism of overlying soil lavers under strike-slip fault action
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摘要:
随着西部大开发的推进，工程项目难免需要跨越断裂带。断裂带具有地震活动频繁、岩层错动等特点，这给工程建设和资源开发带来了不小的挑战。为探明跨断层工程结构的敏感性影响因素，文章研究了不同基岩位错量、不同基岩错动速率、跨越断层角度、不同场地土类型和不同场地土厚度对上覆土层的变形破坏和竖向应力的影响机制。结果表明：基岩位错会导致覆土层产生应力集中、破裂、滑动等破坏现象，这些破坏可能会引起土体位移，从而引发山体滑坡、地滑和地面变形等地质灾害的问题，将提高对地下管道、道路、桥梁等工程设施造成损伤破坏的风险。文章聚焦基岩位错造成地面沉降变形、塌陷等问题，发现随着基岩位错量的增大，不同场地土对覆土层的沉降位移、竖向应力都有不同幅度的增长，例如坚硬土基岩位错量2 m时比0.4 m时沉降变形和竖向应力增长5倍左右。此外，发现在跨越断层时选择以90°跨越断层，可以减小沉降变形和应力。相关研究旨在揭示上覆土层的变形破坏以期对不可避免的跨断层工程结构的变形以及抗剪切破坏加固提供技术支撑。
Abstract:With the advancement of the western development, engineering projects inevitably need to traverse fault zones. However, fault zones are typically characterized by frequent seismic activities and rock layer dislocations, which bring certain challenges to both construction and resource development. To explore the sensitivity factors affecting the sensitivity of cross-fault engineering structures, this study investigates the effects of different bedrock dislocation amouts, bedrock dislocation rates, fault-crossing angles, different types of soil at the site, and varying soil thicknesses on the deformation, failure, and vertical stress mechanisms of overlying soil layers. The results show that bedrock dislocation can lead to stress concentration, fractures, sliding, and other destructive phenomena in overlying soil layers. These damages may cause soil displacement, potentially triggering geological hazards such as landslides, ground slides, and ground deformations. This poses a high risk of damage and destruction of the underground pipelines, roads, bridges, and other engineering facilities. This paper focuses on issues such as ground settlement deformation and collapse caused by rock dislocation, revealing that with an increase in rock dislocation amount, different types of soil at the site exhibit varying degrees of increase in settlement displacement and vertical stress on the overlying soil layer. For example, with the bedrock dislocation amount of 2 m compared to 0.4 m in hard soil, settlement deformation and vertical stress increase by around five times. In addition, it was found that selecting a 90° angle for fault crossing can reduce settlement deformations and stresses. The study aims to reveal the deformation damage of the overlying soil layer, providing technical support for the inevitable deformation of cross-fault engineering structures as well as the reinforcement against shear damage.
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Key words:
- strike-slip fault /
- bedrock dislocation /
- overburden /
- deformation destruction /
- shear failure
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表 1 土体参数
Table 1. Soil parameters
介质类型 密度/（kg·m−3） 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 黏聚力/kPa 摩擦角/（°） 基岩 2750 60000 0.28 1200 40 上覆土层 1850 110 0.32 10 37 
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表 2 土体参数
Table 2. Summary of soil parameters
土的类型 岩土名称和性状 密度
/（kg·m−3）弹性模量
/MPa泊松比 黏聚力
/kPa摩擦角
/（°）实际剪切
波速/（m·s−1）土层剪切
波速/（m·s−1）坚硬土（岩石） 稳定的岩石，密实的碎石子 2250 1465 0.30 200 30 500 Vs≥500 中硬土 中密、稍密的碎石子，密实、中密的砾、粗、中砂，
fak>200的黏性土和粉土，坚硬黄土2050 650 0.31 100 20 350 500≥Vs>250 中软土 稍密的砾、粗、中砂，除松散外的细、粉砂，
fak<200的黏性土和粉土，fak≥130的填土，可塑黄土1850 110 0.32 10 37 150 250≥Vs>140 软弱土 淤泥和淤泥质土，松散的砂，新近沉积的黏性土和
粉土，fak<130的填土，新近堆积黄土和流塑黄土1700 45 0.35 10 25 100 Vs≤140 注：fak为地基承载力特征值。
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