Study on the stability evaluation method of fuzzy mathematical landslide improved by entropy weight method
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摘要:
滑坡是中国最为常见的一种地质灾害类型，其具有的易发、频发特点使得人民的生命财产安全受到了严重的威胁，滑坡的稳定性评价是滑坡防灾减灾工作中最为关键的一项工作。鉴于滑坡诱发因素具有模糊性的特点，文章以陕西省勉县新铺镇发育的典型堆积层滑坡为例，在地质环境条件分析的基础上，考虑了采用模糊数学法进行滑坡稳定性评价，并引入热力学中“熵”的概念，采用熵权法确定了滑坡诱发因子的权重，进而提出了一种基于熵权法改进的模糊数学滑坡稳定性评价新方法。结果表明：新提出的基于熵权法改进的模糊数学滑坡稳定性评价方法克服了传统模糊综合评价方法主观性判断滑坡影响因子权重的弊端；通过数值模拟法进行滑坡稳定性定量化分析验证，发现两种方法评价结论较为吻合，说明了所提出的新方法具有一定的可靠性。基于熵权法改进的模糊数学滑坡稳定性评价方法较为快速简捷，可用于临灾快速预警、应急救援等突发情况下的滑坡防灾减灾工作。
Abstract:Landslide are one of the most common types of geological disasters in China, posing a serious threat to the safety of people's lives and properties due to their propensity and frequency. The stability assessment of landslides is crucial in landslide disaster prevention and mitigation works. Considering the fuzzy nature of landslide inducing factors, a certain accumulation layer landslide in Xinpu Town, Mianxian County is taken as an example in this article. Based on the analysis of geological environmental conditions, a fuzzy mathematical method is employed for landslide stability assessment. The concept of "entropy" from thermodynamics is introduced, and the entropy weight method is used to determine the weights of landslide inducing factors. Consequently, a new method for landslide stability assessment based on the improved entropy weighting method in fuzzy mathematics is proposed. The results show that the proposed method overcomes the subjectivity in determining the weights of landslide influencing factors in traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. Validation through quantitative analysis of landslide stability using numerical simulation method found that the evaluation conclusions of the two methods were in good consistent, indicating the reliability of the proposed new method. The improved fuzzy mathematical landslide stability assessment based on entropy weighting method is relatively fast and simple, making it suitable for landslide disaster prevention and mitigation works in emergency situations such as rapid disaster warning of impending disasters and emergency rescue.
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表 1 新铺镇地区滑坡稳定性评价指标数据
Table 1. Data of landslide stability evaluation indicators in Xinpu Town area
滑坡名称 平均坡度/（°） 斜坡结构 堆积层厚度/m 切坡高度/m 风化程度 距水系距离/m 坡体高差/m 距道路距离/m 坡形 杜家山滑坡 31 4 3.5 4 7 50 51 50 1 舒家坝滑坡 44 3 1.5 2 7 300 17.1 100 5 枣树湾滑坡 40 1 6 2 9 300 80 100 1 古墓坪滑坡 28 4 6.5 3 7 500 56 100 5 郑家营四组滑坡 38 4 8 2.5 7 300 53 50 3 花石崖滑坡 35 4 8 4 7 500 60 50 3 马家梁滑坡 26 3 10 3.5 1 300 75 50 1 塘子湾滑坡 34 4 3 1 7 500 25 50 1 钦家坝滑坡 35 2 6 3 9 300 65 50 3 余家坪滑坡 33 1 7.5 7 7 50 95 50 1 注：斜坡结构按照（逆向坡、块状坡）=1、近水平层状坡=2、横向坡=3、斜向坡=4、顺向坡=5划分；风化程度按照未风化=1、微风化=3、中风化=5、强风化=7、全风化=9划分；坡形按照直线形=1、凹形=3、凸形=5划分；上述描述按照赋值从小到大的顺序进行排列。 
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表 2 滑坡稳定性评价指标体系及分级标准
Table 2. Indicator system and grading standards for landslide stability evaluation
稳定性分级 平均坡度/（°） 斜坡结构 堆积层厚度/m 切坡高度/m 风化程度 距水系距离/m 坡体高差/m 距道路距离/m 坡形 稳定 [0, 25) [0, 2) [0, 1) [0, 6) [0, 4) [300, ∞) [0, 50) [300, ∞) [0, 2] 基本稳定 [45, 90) [2, 3) [9, ∞) [6, 12) [4, 6) [100, 300) [50, 100) [100, 300) [2, 3] 欠稳定 [25, 35) [3, 4) [1, 3)∪[6, 9) [12, 25) [6, 8) [50, 100) [100, 300) [50, 100) [3, 4] 不稳定 [35, 45) [4, 5) [3, 6) [25, ∞) [8, 10) [0, 50) [300, ∞) [0, 50) [4, 5]
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