Application of ultra-high gravity retaining walls in high fill slopes on karst developed foundations
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摘要:
重庆武隆机场南端西侧岩溶发育、地形陡峻，采用了高路堤与超高衡重式挡墙相结合的高填方边坡方案。挡墙基础发育3处岩溶，面积占挡墙的45%以上，全填充，最大深度超过30 m，属于典型的特殊复杂地基。为了解决岩溶地基不均匀性强、承载力低、边坡及挡墙稳定性问题突出等难题，采用开挖一定深度的岩溶充填物并回填混凝土方案。通过理论计算详细分析了不同换填深度下高边坡及高挡墙的破坏模式、稳定性、应力及变形规律，确定了合理的岩溶换填深度。研究结果表明：采用一定深度的岩溶换填方案可有效改善岩溶地基的不均匀性，降低挡墙应力集中效应，减小挡墙及高填方变形，大幅提高挡墙及边坡稳定性。现场监测表明：高挡墙及高边坡工后水平和竖向位移均小于4 mm，变形曲线收敛，边坡及挡墙稳定性良好。研究成果对于复杂山区高填方工程规划设计及施工具有重要的参考意义。
Abstract:This paper presents a high fill slope solution for the steep and karst-developed terrain at the southern end, west side of Wulong Airport in Chongqing, where a combination of high embankment and ultra-high counterweight retaining wall was adopted. The foundation of the gravity retaining wall includes three karst formations, covering more than 45% of the total area. These karst areas are fully filled and have a maximum depth exceeding 30 m, making them typical examples of special and complex foundations. To address challenges such as strong non-uniformity, low bearing capacity of the karst foundation, and instability of slopes and retaining walls in karstic foundations, a solution involving the excavation of karst infill to a certain depth and backfilling with concrete was adopted. Through theoretical calculations, this paper comprehensively analyzes the failure modes, stability, stress, and deformation of the high slope and retaining wall with varying concrete replacement depths, ultimately determining a suitable replacement depth. The research results show that the adoption of a certain depth of replacement can effectively improve the non-uniformity of the karst foundation, reduce stress concentration effect on the retaining wall, decrease the deformation of the retaining wall and high embankment, and significantly enhance the stability of the retaining wall and slope. Field monitoring indicates that the horizontal and vertical displacements of the high retaining wall and high slope after construction are both less than 4mm, with deformation curves converging, demonstrating good stability of the slope and retaining wall. The research findings have significant reference value for the planning, design, and construction of high-fill slope projects in complex mountainous areas.
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Key words:
- ultra-high gravity retaining wall /
- karst /
- failure mode /
- high fill slope /
- stability /
- numerical simulation
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表 1 数值模拟计算参数
Table 1. Summary of simulation model parameters
岩土性质 本构模型 容重/（kN·m−3） 黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/（°） 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 填料 摩尔库伦 22.5 50 35 60 0.30 高挡墙 线弹性 24.0 − − 28000 0.20 岩溶充填物 摩尔库伦 18.2 20 13 10 0.32 灰岩 摩尔库伦 26.5 200 40 10000 0.25 灰岩层面 摩尔库伦 − 60 25 − − 节理面 摩尔库伦 − 20 35 − − 挡墙-灰岩接触面 摩尔库伦 − 0 35 − − 挡墙-填料接触面 摩尔库伦 − 0 30 − − 挡墙-岩溶充填物接触面 摩尔库伦 − 0 15 − − 填料-灰岩接触面 摩尔库伦 − 45 35 − − 
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