Study on the unstable characteristics of high-level landslide in Zelongnong gou, Xizang under severe earthquakes
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摘要:
西藏则隆弄沟物源位置高、强度低，历史上因强震失稳后发生过崩滑。为探究强震对1950年则隆弄沟的动力响应特征，文章采用FLAC3D的动力模拟方法进行演算，并输入双向米林地震加速度记录。结果表明：其动力响应较复杂，受控于坡体形态、材质、地震波强度和频率等因素，在靠近海拔
4000 m处冰碛物出现挤压破裂，而不是位于最前端的冰碛物前缘；在海拔5500 m时冰碛物与花岗片麻岩之间的切应变增量达到最大，远高于冰碛物后缘；该斜坡存在一条滑面且已经贯通，范围为海拔4000 ～5800 m，失稳类型为拉-剪。为进一步分析造成这种失稳形态的影响因素，引入共振的概念，使用公式计算及不同频率简谐波激励，得到该坡的固有频率处于0.09～1.89 Hz之间，其中4400 ～5500 m固有频率为0.2～0.6 Hz。而加速度放大效应受固有频率的影响，地震波主频与坡体海拔4400 ～5500 m固有频率重合度较高，产生同频共振现象，放大效应明显。通过分析，地震波在不同材质中的放大效应不同，冰碛物放大效应弱于花岗片麻岩。Abstract:The Zhelonglnong gou landslide in Xizang, located at high elevation with low intensity, has historically experienced significant instability due to strong earthquakes. To explore the dynamic response of the 1950 landslide to seismic events, this study employs FLAC3D dynamic simulations and bi-directional Milin earthquake acceleration records. The results show that the dynamic response is complex, influenced by slope geometry, material properties, and seismic wave intensity and frequency. At an elevation of
4000 m, glacial deposits exhibit compressive failure rather than failure at their leading edge. At 5500 m, the shear strain increment between glacial deposits and gneissic schist reaches its maximum, significantly higher than at the trailing edge of the glacial deposits. A sliding surface is identified between4000 m and5800 m, with a pull-and-shear failure type. To further analyze this instability pattern, resonance is considered, and the slope's natural frequency is found to range from 0.09 Hz to 1.89 Hz, with values of 0.2 Hz to 0.6 Hz between4400 m and5500 m. The seismic wave frequency closely matches the slope’s natural frequency in this range, resulting in significant resonance amplification. The amplification effect is stronger in gneissic schist than in glacial deposits. -
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表 1 不同时期冰舌海拔位置及冰川冰碛物厚度
Table 1. The thickness and elevation position of the ice tongue at different times
时期 时间 冰舌海拔/m 冰碛物厚度/m 末次冰期 1万年前 2850 300 新冰期 1500 年前2 920～4 000 >150 小冰期 400年前 2 950 >150 21世纪 2020年 3 750 200～300 21世纪 2022年 3 750 200～300 
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