Research on the characteristics of the Sedongpu glacial debris flow and river-damming hazards, occurred in April 15 and May 14, 2014, in Xizang, China
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摘要:
色东普沟位于西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷，是特大堵江链式灾害的频发区，严重威胁着边疆建设的地质安全。文章主要针对2024年4月15日和5月14日两次堵江灾害事件开展详细研究，全面分析了灾害形成过程、主要成因和发展趋势。通过水位监测、地震动监测、直升机调查、高原无人机航测等方法，识别和分析了两次堵江灾害的形成发展过程，发现灾害运动时间可达8 min，堵江成坝时间大于10 h，第二次灾害相对更为严重，形成的堰塞湖未完全溃决，严重加剧了雅鲁藏布江干流河道的淤堵。从地形和地质条件、地震因素、气候因素等方面对灾害成因进行了分析，发现色东普沟地形高差大、岩体结构破碎、沟道内巨厚层松散堆积体物源丰富，为灾害形成提供了有利条件，而春夏交替过程中的气温上升导致冰川消融加快和水动力作用增强，触发了堵江灾害链的发生。通过综合遥感数据解译，发现色东普沟已进入堵江灾害链活跃期，2018年特大堵江灾害造成了雅鲁藏布江河流地貌发生巨大改变，而之后至今的大规模堵江事件导致河道淤积更加严重，形成巨型堰塞坝体的风险不断增大。最后，文章针对色东普沟高位远程灾害堵江溃决、监测预警、减灾措施等方面提出了建议。
Abstract:Sedongpu gully, situated in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon in Xizang, is an area of frequent massive river-damming landslides that threaten the geological safety of border towns and major engineering projects. This study focused on a detailed analysis of two river-damming events that occurred on April 15 and May 14, 2024. The disaster formation processes, main causes, and developing trends were widely analyzed. From the methods of water level monitoring, ground motion monitoring, investigating by helicopter, and survey by high-altitude and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, the formation and development processes of these river-damming events were identified and analyzed. It was found that the disaster body slid along the gully reached 8 minutes and the river-damming lasted over 10 hours. The second disaster was relatively more serious because the landslide-dammed lake had not completely burst, which significantly aggravated the damming of the main channel of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Their causes were examined from topographical and geological conditions, seismic factors, and climate factors. It was determined that the Sedongpu gully has large height differences, fractured rock structures, and a rich source of loose deposits, which provides favorable conditions for disaster formation; the temperature rising during the alternation of the spring and summer leads to the acceleration of glacier melting and the enhancement of hydrodynamic effect, triggering the occurrence of river-damming disaster chain. Furthermore, it is believed that Sedongpu gully has entered an active period of river-damming disaster chain, based on the interpretation of the comprehensive remote sensing images. Our findings revealed that the major river-damming hazards that occurred in 2018 had caused significant changes to the river morphology of the Yarlung Zangbo River; subsequent large-scale river-damming events resulted in more and more clogged up with the river channel, which increased the risk of forming a giant landslide dam. Finally, this paper provided some suggestions for addressing the issues related to river damming, rising water, outburst flooding, monitoring, early warning, and disaster reduction measures for the high-altitude and long runout disasters in the Sedongpu gully.
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Key words:
- Sedongpu gully /
- glacial debris flow /
- evolutional process /
- causes /
- developing trend
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