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摘要:
波浪引起的海底土体内部孔压累积是导致液化发生的主要原因，研究波浪作用下土体内部孔压响应过程对于明确液化机理、预测液化发生具有重要作用。在黄河口使用自行研发的孔压监测设备对海底粉土孔隙水压力进行了有效监测。监测结果显示，海底粉土的孔压变化主要受波浪影响且存在一定的影响范围，超出该范围则波浪对海底粉土的孔压无影响。同时，基于监测过程内的孔压变化对海底粉土进行了液化评判，并对波浪作用效果和液化影响因素进行了探讨。波浪对海底粉土内部孔压影响效果主要有3种：(1)有孔压振荡但不发生累积；(2)有孔压振荡且发生累积；(3)无孔压振荡且不发生累积。
Abstract:Liquefaction under wave action is mainly caused by the pore pressure of seabed sediment. The mechanism of responding process of soil pore pressure to wave action is critical important to the understanding and prediction of liquefaction. The seabed silt pore pressure has been monitored for a long time in the Yellow River delta using the self developed pore pressure monitoring equipment. Monitoring results show that the change in pore water pressure is mainly determined by wave. And wave acts in a certain range, and there is no influence out of the range. Weather liquefaction was judged based on the change in pore water pressure in the monitoring process. Upon the above, the effect of wave action and the influence factors of liquefaction are discussed. There are three kinds of wave effects on pore pressures of seabed silt: a. there is pore pressure oscillation but no accumulation; b. there is pore pressure oscillation as well as accumulation; c. there is no pore pressure oscillation and accumulation.
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表 1 监测站位海底粉土力学参数统计
Table 1. Statics parameter of silt of monitoring location
参数 范围值 平均值 含水量/% 19.8~26.6 23.7 天然重度/(kN/m3) 19.4~20.7 19.8 塑性指数/% 6.2~8.7 7.3 液性指数 0.21~0.85 0.60 黏聚力/kPa 15.3~23.6 19.0 内摩擦角/(°) 22.9~25.2 24.3 中值粒径/mm 0.062~0.065 0.063 
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表 2 波浪参数统计
Table 2. Parametric statistics of wave
参数 范围值 平均值 最大波高/cm 36~395 201 有效波高/cm 21~227 126 周期/s 2.97~6.44 5.45
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