The influence of reservoir and exploitation parameters on production capacity of gas hydrate
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摘要:
开展储层参数和开采参数对天然气水合物开采产能影响的研究有助于其实际开采场址和开采方法的选择。以中国南海神狐海域SH7站位的地质参数为背景，采用TOUGH+HYDRATE软件系统地分析了储层压力、温度、孔隙度、水合物饱和度、渗透率、上覆层和下伏层渗透率等储层参数，以及降压幅度、降压井长度和出砂堵塞（通过改变井周网格渗透率反映出砂堵塞）等开采参数对天然气水合物降压开采产能的影响。数值模拟结果表明：①随着储层渗透率的增大，产气量有明显的增加；随着储层压力、孔隙度的增大以及上覆层和下伏层渗透率的减小，产气量有较大的增加；随着储层温度的增大，产气量有一定的增加；产气量随饱和度的增大先增大后减小。因此，实际开采时可优先选择渗透率大、上覆层和下伏层渗透率小、孔隙度大、温度较高、水合物饱和度适中的储层。②随着降压幅度的增大以及降压井长度增大，产气量有明显的增加；而随着出砂堵塞程度的加剧，产气量有非常明显的减少。因此，实际开采时可以通过增大降压幅度和降压井长度以及采取减轻出砂堵塞的措施来提高产气量。研究结果可以为我国将来天然气水合物开采区域及开采方式的选择和确定提供参考。
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关键词:
- 天然气水合物 /
- 降压开采 /
- TOUGH+HYDRATE /
- 储层参数 /
- 开采参数
Abstract:Studying the effects of reservoir parameters and exploitation parameters on the production capacity of natural gas hydrate is helpful for locating mining site and choosing mining method. Using the geological parameters of Station SH7 in the Shenhu sea area of South China Sea as the background, the effects of reservoir parameters including reservoir pressure, reservoir temperature, reservoir porosity, hydrate saturation, reservoir permeability, and the permeabilities of upper and lower layers, as well as the exploitation parameters including depressurization amplitude, the length of depressurization well, and sand blockage (which is reflected by changing the permeability of grid surrounding well), on gas hydrate production capacity by depressurization were numerically simulated and systematically analyzed with TOUGH+HYDRATE software. Results show that first, the gas production increased obviously with the increase of reservoir permeability. The gas production increased relatively with increase in reservoir pressure and reservoir porosity, and with the decrease in permeability of upper and lower layers. The gas production increased to some degree with the increase of reservoir temperature. The gas production increased first and then decreased with the increase of saturation. Therefore, in practical work, it is suggested to choose preferentially the reservoir with high permeability, high porosity, high temperature, low permeability of the upper and lower layers, and moderate hydrate saturation. Secondly, the gas production increased obviously with the increase of the depressurization amplitude and the length of depressurization well but decreased significantly with the degree of sand blockage. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the depressurization degree and the length of production well, and to reduce the sand blockage for increasing the gas production. This study provided a reference for the selection and determination of the site and method of gas-hydrate mining in China in the future.
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表 1 模型参数
Table 1. Model parameters
模型参数 取值 上覆层厚度/m 30 水合物层厚度/m 22 下伏层厚度/m 30 水合物层压力/MPa 13.5 水合物层温度/℃ 14 地热梯度/(℃·m−1) 0.043 盐度 0.03 水合物饱和度SH 0.44 水的饱和度SA 0.56 固有渗透性/μm2 0.075 孔隙度 0.41 固相颗粒密度/(kg·m−3) 2 600 复合导热系数模型
[26]$ \begin{gathered} {k_{{\text{θ C}}}} = {k_{{\text{θ RD}}}} + (S_{\text{A}}^{1/2} + S_{\text{H}}^{1/2}) \\ ({k_{{\text{θ RW}}}} - {k_{{\text{θ RD}}}}) + \phi {S_{\text{I}}}{k_{{\text{θ I}}}} \\ \end{gathered} $ 干导热系数kθRD/(W·m−1·K−1) 1.0 湿导热系kθRW/(W·m−1·K−1) 3.1 相对渗透率模型
[26]$ {k_{{\text{rA}}}} = {(S_{\text{A}}^ * )^n} $ $ {k_{{\text{rG}}}} = {(S_{\text{G}}^ * )^{{n_{\text{G}}}}} $ $ S_{\text{A}}^ * = ({S_{\text{A}}} - {S_{{\text{irA}}}})/(1 - {S_{{\text{irA}}}}) $ $ S_{\text{G}}^ * = ({S_{\text{G}}} - {S_{{\text{irG}}}})/(1 - {S_{{\text{irA}}}}) $ n 3.5 nG 3.5 SirA 0.3 SirG 0.05 毛细管压力模型
[30]$ {P_{{\text{cap}}}} = - {P_0}{\left[ {{{(S*)}^{ - 1/\lambda }} - 1} \right]^{1 - \lambda }} $ $ S* = ({S_{\text{A}}} - {S'_{{\text{irA}}}})/(1 - {S'_{{\text{irA}}}}) $ $ {S'_{{\text{irA}}}} $ 0.29 λ 0.45 P0/Pa 1.0×105 表中：Pcap为毛细管压力，SirA为相对渗透率模型中的束缚水饱和度， $ {S'_{{\text{irA}}}} $ 为毛细管压力模型中的束缚水饱和度，SirG为束缚气饱和度，n为渗透率降低指数，nG为气体渗透率降低指数，λ为van Genuchten指数。
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表 2 数值模拟方案
Table 2. The numerical simulation scheme
影响因素 储层压力/
MPa储层温度/
℃储层孔隙度 水合物饱和度 储层渗透率/
μm2上、下层渗
透率/μm2井口压力/
MPa降压井长度/
m井周渗透率/
μm2储层压力 13.5、14.5、15.5、16.5 10.5 0.44 0.41 0.075 0.075 4 8 0.075 储层温度 13.5 9、9.5、10、10.5 0.44 0.41 0.075 0.075 4 8 0.075 储层孔隙度 13.5 10.5 0.35、0.38、0.41、0.44 0.41 0.075 0.075 4 8 0.075 水合物饱和度 13.5 10.5 0.44 0.2、0.24、0.28、0.32、0.36、0.4、0.44、0.48、0.52 0.075 0.075 4 8 0.075 储层渗透率 13.5 10.5 0.44 0.41 0.005、0.025、0.05、0.075 0.075 4 8 0.075 上、下层渗透率 13.5 10.5 0.44 0.41 0.075 0.005、0.025、0.05、0.075 4 8 0.075 降压幅度 13.5 10.5 0.44 0.41 0.075 0.075 2、4、6、8 8 0.075 降压井长度 13.5 10.5 0.44 0.41 0.075 0.075 4 4、8、12、16 0.075 出砂堵塞 13.5 10.5 0.44 0.41 0.075 0.075 4 8 0.00075、0.0075、0.075
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表 3 储层和开采参数对5年累积产气量和气水比的影响
Table 3. The effects of reservoir and exploitation parameters on 5-year cumulative gas production and gas-water ratio
影响因素 5年产气量/106 m3 影响程度 气水比 影响程度 储层参数 储层压力(13.5、14.5、15.5、16.5 MPa) 2.21、2.30、2.45、2.57 ++ 1.25、1.13、1.09、1.05 -- 储层温度(9.0、9.5、10.0、10.5℃) 2.14、2.15、2.15、2.21 + 1.20、1.20、1.20、1.25 + 储层孔隙度(0.35、0.38、0.41、0.44) 2.1、2.16、2.21、2.26 ++ 1.17、1.20、1.25、1.25 ++ 水合物饱和度(0.2、0.28、0.36、0.44) 2.22、2.30、2.28、2.22 ++(--) 1.22、1.81、1.27、1.24 ++(--) 储层渗透率(0.005、0.025、0.05、0.075 μm2) 0.45、1.12、1.7、2.21 +++ 6、2.2、1.5、1.25 -- 上覆和下伏层渗透率(0.005、0.025、0.05、0.075 μm2) 4.0、2.77、2.4、2.21 -- 4.0、1.87、1.42、1.25 -- 开采参数 降压幅度(5.5、7.5、9.5、11.5 MPa) 1.62、1.94、2.21、2.46 +++ 1.90、1.96、2.17、2.57 ++ 降压井长度(4、8、12、16 m) 1.77、2.21、2.55、2.7 +++ 1.6、1.25、1.06、0.98 -- 出砂堵塞(0.075、0.0075、0.00075μm2) 2.21、1.25、0.76 --- 1.25、2.24、7.07 ++
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