Diversion characteristics of the branching channels in the Yellow River mouth and its influencing mechanisms
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摘要:
自2013年黄河尾闾河道出汊形成双槽入海的河口汊道，控制了河口流量的分配，但其分流特征及其影响机制尚不清楚。本文基于Delft3D构建了黄河口汊道的水动力三维数值模型，模拟了不同工况下河口汊道的分流特征，揭示了其影响机制。结果表明：河口汊道的分流不对称性随流量的增加而减小，流量增加加大了东汊与北汊河道的水位梯度差，使得从东汊河道的流量增量较北汊河道大，河流流量的分配更加均匀。潮汐作用增强了河口汊道的流量不对称性，而随着径流量的增加，潮汐的增强作用逐渐减弱。这主要由于在半日潮的作用下，东汊和北汊河道水位梯度的差异，形成河口潮汐的“东阻北促”效应，增强了河口汊道的分流不对称性。
Abstract:Since 2013, a branching channel has been formed in the Yellow River mouth, which diverted the river water discharge to the sea. However, the diversion characteristics of the branching channel and its influencing mechanism are not clear. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model of the river mouth was constructed using the Delft3D model. The diversion processes in different cases were simulated and the controlling factors were examined. Results show that the asymmetry of water discharge in the branching channels decreased with the increase of the river water discharge. The increase in river water discharge increased the water level gradient between the eastern and northern channels. As the result, the increase in water discharge in the eastern channel was greater than that in the northern channel, which alleviated the asymmetry of water discharge in the two channels. Tidal force amplified the asymmetry of the water diversion in the two channels. However, the tidal amplification decreased with increase in river discharge. This is due mainly to the differentiation in water level gradient between the two channels under the influence of the semi-diurnal tide in the river mouth, which promoted the seaward flow in the northern channel, but inhibits it in the eastern channel.
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Key words:
- branching channels /
- asymmetry of water diversion /
- tidal forces /
- water discharge /
- Yellow River mouth
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图 12 日均径流量Q与水位梯度差
$ ⟨\mathrm{\Delta }\phi ⟩ $ 关系（a）及水位梯度差$ ⟨\mathrm{\Delta }\phi ⟩ $ 与流量不对称系数ψ关系（b）Figure 12.
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