Comparative study on the geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements under different climatic conditions in the southern segment of Gaoligong Mountain
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摘要:
高黎贡山气候垂直分带明显，山体两侧分属亚热带季风气候与干热河谷气候，水热条件差异大。通过对高黎贡山南段东西两侧5个风化剖面的研究，利用矿物组成与稀土元素分析方法，对比得到不同气候条件下风化壳稀土元素地球化学特征。结果表明，两侧矿物包括石英、长石、方解石、白云石、伊利石与高岭石等，西侧还出现了白云母、蒙脱石与蒙脱石-绿泥石混层矿物等，表明西侧风化更强。总体上，西侧风化剖面稀土元素（REE）含量高于东侧，分异程度也更大，随着海拔的降低，稀土元素逐渐富集；东侧REE含量相对较低，存在一定波动，可能与遭受一定程度的淋滤作用和较强的蒸发作用有关。东西两侧都呈现明显的Eu负异常，西侧负异常更大，西侧Ce均为正异常而东侧为弱负异常。随着pH的升高，两侧均出现轻重稀土富集的现象，而西侧富集更加显著。稀土元素与矿物的相关性分析表明，轻稀土（LREE）与碳酸盐和黏土矿物相关性强，重稀土（HREE）与碳酸盐和长石矿物联系密切。风化壳中Eu/Sm和Ce/Eu比值对母岩具有较好的指示，西侧母岩来自于花岗质岩石，东侧为沉积岩。
Abstract:The vertical zonation of climate in the north-south Gaoligong Mountain is obvious. The two sides of the mountain are subtropical monsoon climate and dry-hot valley climate, with great differences in hydrothermal conditions. Five weathering cross-sections on the east and west sides of the southern segment of the Gaoligong Mountain were studied, and the mineral composition and geochemical characteristics of REE in weathering crust under different climate conditions were analyzed. Results show that the minerals on the both sides include quartz, feldspar, calcite, dolomite, illite and kaolinite, and so on, and there are also minerals such as muscovite, montmorillonite, and montmorillonite-chlorite mixed-layer minerals on the west side, indicating that the weathering on the west side is more intensive. In general, the REE content r and the degree of differentiation are greater on the west side than those on the east side. With the decrease of altitude, REE is gradually enriched. The REE content of the east side is relatively low and varied slightly, which may be related to a certain degree of leaching and strong evaporation. There are obvious negative Eu anomalies on both sides, and the negative anomalies are greater on the west side. The Ce anomalies are positive on the west side, but weak negative anomalies on the east side. With the increase of pH, both LREE and HREE are enriched, and the enrichment on the west side is more significant. The correlation analysis of REE and minerals shows that LREE is strongly correlated with carbonate and clay minerals, and HREE is closely related to carbonate and feldspar minerals. The Eu/Sm and Ce/Eu ratios in the weathering crust are good indicators to the parent rocks, which are granitic rocks on the west side and sedimentary rocks on the east side.
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表 1 剖面采样信息
Table 1. Specification of sampling sites along the cross-sections
采样剖面 经纬度 海拔/m 样品个数/个 剖面高度/m 气温/℃ 降水/mm 母岩/母质 LWQ 25°01′1.81″N、
98°40′57.04″E1 246 3 2.5 18.62 1450 砂砾岩 DHP 24°58′44.45″N、
98°43′39.58″E2 012 3 4 15.38 1202 花岗岩 SD 24°55′39.54″N、
98°45′58.36″E2 232 7 3.5 14.40 1187 白云母花岗岩 SY 24°56′13.34″N、
98°49′42.46″E1 433 5 4 20.06 1020 泥沙质灰岩 SJ 24°56′52.21″N、
98°49′56.99″E1 046 6 4 21.30 850 泥质灰岩 注：气候数据来源于“国家青藏高原科学数据中心” (http://data.tpdc.ac.cn)[15]。 
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表 2 高黎贡山南段东西两侧样品矿物组成
Table 2. Mineral composition of samples from the two sides of the southern segment of the Gaoligong Mountain
% n=24 石英 云母 钾长石 钠长石 方解石 白云石 S I K S-C LWQ-1 68.79 3.58 17.80 0.00 1.34 5.92 0.00 0.42 2.17 0.00 LWQ-2 24.47 35.50 12.10 0.00 0.99 1.48 7.54 3.98 2.59 11.35 LWQ-3 37.39 13.39 28.89 0.00 1.13 1.66 4.98 1.59 1.04 9.92 DHP-1 46.11 16.08 28.86 0.00 0.70 2.54 0.00 2.03 2.72 0.96 DHP-2 36.28 7.40 50.59 0.00 1.38 1.64 0.00 1.21 1.50 0.00 DHP-3 49.87 11.37 25.32 0.00 1.13 1.88 0.00 1.49 3.08 5.86 SD-1 31.98 28.08 26.87 1.95 0.28 1.67 0.00 3.85 0.52 4.80 SD-2 17.98 50.20 15.36 0.00 0.13 0.42 0.00 13.30 1.32 1.29 SD-3 24.33 37.85 20.12 0.00 0.40 0.54 0.00 9.38 1.39 5.99 SD-4 15.55 45.97 26.06 0.00 0.41 0.26 0.00 9.96 0.97 0.81 SD-5 26.57 40.19 20.62 0.00 0.29 0.65 0.00 9.10 1.88 0.71 SD-6 17.57 39.53 25.22 0.00 0.23 0.55 1.40 8.95 4.12 2.42 SD-7 16.16 44.23 30.48 0.00 0.56 1.56 0.00 4.76 2.25 0.00 XC 31.77 28.72 25.25 0.15 0.69 1.60 1.07 5.39 1.97 3.39 SY-1 74.50 0.00 16.90 1.54 3.20 0.66 0.00 1.58 1.62 0.00 SY-2 69.33 0.00 26.50 0.65 0.97 0.87 0.00 1.31 0.38 0.00 SY-3 77.48 0.00 12.50 1.97 1.28 2.48 0.00 1.95 2.34 0.00 SY-4 67.60 0.00 25.58 1.49 0.70 1.33 0.00 1.82 1.47 0.00 SY-5 70.66 0.00 22.32 1.21 0.64 0.60 0.00 2.30 2.27 0.00 SJ-1 46.50 0.00 43.13 0.94 0.28 0.48 0.00 2.14 6.53 0.00 SJ-2 78.31 0.00 10.09 3.55 0.18 0.60 0.00 4.37 2.91 0.00 SJ-3 60.53 0.00 21.85 6.53 0.38 1.42 0.00 2.15 7.15 0.00 SJ-4 89.91 0.00 5.07 0.00 0.40 0.40 0.00 3.76 0.47 0.00 SJ-5 58.49 0.00 20.95 8.02 0.90 0.44 0.00 4.58 6.63 0.00 SJ-6 51.34 0.00 21.53 4.07 2.16 0.44 0.00 12.53 7.94 0.00 DC 67.69 0.00 20.58 2.72 1.01 0.88 0.00 3.50 3.61 0.00 平均 48.24 15.56 23.11 1.33 0.84 1.27 0.58 4.52 2.72 1.84 注：S：蒙脱石，I：伊利石，K：高岭石，S-C：蒙脱石-绿泥石混层。
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表 3 高黎贡山南段东西两侧样品稀土元素含量
Table 3. Rare earth content of samples from the two sides of the southern segment of the Gaoligong Mountain
(μg/g) 样品 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ∑REE LWQ-1 130.0 198.0 26.8 91.4 15.8 1.2 12.2 1.9 9.5 1.8 4.7 0.7 4.3 0.6 498.8 LWQ-2 73.6 208.0 16.2 56.3 10.1 0.9 7.5 1.1 5.5 1.0 2.7 0.4 2.6 0.4 386.4 LWQ-3 57.5 197.0 13.2 46.9 9.2 0.8 7.6 1.3 6.7 1.3 3.5 0.6 3.6 0.5 349.6 DHP-1 53.8 141.0 11.6 39.9 7.8 0.6 6.7 1.2 6.9 1.5 4.6 0.8 5.2 0.8 282.3 DHP-2 52.6 121.0 11.9 41.4 9.5 0.4 11.3 2.4 16.6 4.0 13.4 2.5 17.2 2.8 306.9 DHP-3 88.1 172.0 18.7 63.1 12.2 0.5 10.0 1.6 8.5 1.6 4.5 0.7 4.3 0.6 386.4 SD-1 33.7 72.9 7.1 25.0 4.7 0.7 3.8 0.6 3.2 0.6 1.6 0.2 1.6 0.2 156.0 SD-2 25.8 73.1 4.5 14.9 2.6 0.3 1.7 0.3 1.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 125.6 SD-3 21.6 67.3 4.1 14.2 2.6 0.3 1.8 0.3 1.4 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.1 115.2 SD-4 25.7 53.7 4.9 15.9 2.8 0.3 1.8 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 107.3 SD-5 26.7 65.2 4.7 15.0 2.5 0.4 1.7 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 118.3 SD-6 29.3 47.4 6.2 20.9 3.6 0.4 2.2 0.3 1.3 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.1 112.8 SD-7 47.2 67.2 8.6 28.4 4.8 0.5 3.0 0.4 1.7 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.1 163.3 XC 51.2 114.1 10.7 36.4 6.8 0.6 5.5 0.9 5.0 1.0 2.9 0.5 3.2 0.5 239.2 SY-1 41.8 77.3 9.2 33.7 5.9 1.0 4.4 0.7 3.8 0.8 2.2 0.4 2.3 0.4 183.8 SY-2 46.8 92.3 10.2 36.6 6.2 1.0 4.6 0.7 3.7 0.8 2.2 0.3 2.2 0.3 208.1 SY-3 35.9 66.2 8.5 31.4 5.5 1.0 4.3 0.6 3.5 0.7 2.0 0.3 2.0 0.3 162.2 SY-4 50.7 90.7 11.0 40.0 6.9 1.2 5.2 0.8 4.2 0.8 2.3 0.4 2.3 0.3 216.9 SY-5 33.3 54.0 7.9 29.1 5.1 0.9 3.9 0.6 3.3 0.7 1.9 0.3 1.9 0.3 143.2 SJ-1 34.9 58.5 8.3 31.4 6.1 1.3 5.2 0.8 4.3 0.9 2.6 0.4 2.7 0.4 157.7 SJ-2 44.5 86.3 9.9 36.7 6.7 1.3 5.6 0.9 4.8 1.0 2.8 0.4 2.9 0.4 204.3 SJ-3 38.0 66.5 8.7 32.7 5.9 1.2 4.8 0.7 4.0 0.8 2.4 0.4 2.4 0.4 168.8 SJ-4 53.1 110.0 12.0 43.8 7.8 1.4 6.4 1.1 6.2 1.3 3.6 0.6 3.6 0.5 251.4 SJ-5 35.5 56.7 8.9 34.4 7.0 1.5 6.2 1.0 5.4 1.1 3.2 0.5 3.2 0.5 165.1 SJ-6 40.2 70.7 9.5 35.1 6.4 1.1 4.9 0.7 4.2 0.9 2.6 0.4 2.6 0.4 179.6 DC 41.3 75.4 9.5 35.0 6.3 1.2 5.0 0.8 4.3 0.9 2.5 0.4 2.6 0.4 185.6
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表 4 高黎贡山南段样品REE特征参数
Table 4. REE characteristic parameters of the samples in the southern segment of the Gaoligong Mountain
样品 (La/Lu)N (La/Sm)N (Gd/Lu)N δEu δCe ∑LREE/(μg/g) ∑HREE/(μg/g) ∑L/∑H pH LWQ-1 21.64 5.18 2.43 0.27 0.81 463.22 35.62 13.00 3.81 LWQ-2 19.60 4.58 2.39 0.33 1.45 365.13 21.24 17.19 4.71 LWQ-3 11.18 3.94 1.78 0.30 1.72 324.59 25.03 12.97 3.73 DHP-1 6.97 4.35 1.04 0.25 1.36 254.66 27.60 9.23 3.73 DHP-2 1.99 3.47 0.51 0.11 1.16 236.80 70.10 3.38 4.04 DHP-3 14.41 4.54 1.95 0.14 1.02 354.61 31.83 11.14 4.08 SD-1 15.42 4.48 2.08 0.52 1.13 144.15 11.86 12.15 3.74 SD-2 45.42 6.27 3.58 0.44 1.63 121.22 4.37 27.72 3.86 SD-3 27.70 5.21 2.81 0.35 1.71 110.10 5.08 21.65 3.93 SD-4 57.66 5.77 4.73 0.35 1.16 103.22 4.06 25.42 3.96 SD-5 60.55 6.61 4.48 0.52 1.40 114.48 3.86 29.63 4.26 SD-6 42.27 5.16 3.75 0.43 0.85 107.73 5.08 21.21 5.26 SD-7 77.21 6.24 5.91 0.43 0.80 156.74 6.61 23.72 7.35 XC 30.92 5.06 2.88 0.34 1.25 219.74 19.41 17.57 4.34 SY-1 12.20 4.46 1.55 0.62 0.95 168.96 14.87 11.36 3.79 SY-2 14.21 4.75 1.67 0.60 1.02 193.14 14.91 12.95 4.78 SY-3 12.11 4.11 1.72 0.61 0.91 148.44 13.73 10.81 5.17 SY-4 15.13 4.61 1.87 0.62 0.92 200.54 16.36 12.26 7.16 SY-5 11.65 4.09 1.64 0.63 0.80 130.31 12.92 10.08 7.43 SJ-1 8.69 3.62 1.54 0.70 0.83 140.42 17.25 8.14 6.68 SJ-2 10.46 4.16 1.58 0.66 0.99 185.44 18.90 9.81 7.30 SJ-3 10.84 4.03 1.63 0.67 0.88 153.03 15.81 9.68 5.93 SJ-4 10.10 4.28 1.46 0.61 1.05 228.13 23.30 9.79 7.01 SJ-5 7.26 3.19 1.51 0.72 0.77 144.03 21.02 6.85 8.36 SJ-6 10.52 3.97 1.52 0.60 0.87 162.94 16.62 9.81 − DC 11.20 4.12 1.61 0.64 0.91 168.67 16.88 10.14 6.36 注：陨石数据根据Boynton(1984)；δEu=EuN/(SmN×GdN)1/2;δCe=CeN/(LaN×PrN)1/2 。
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