海底热液烟囱体中微生物多样性研究进展

骈泽宇, 宿蕾, 张燕, 王鹏, 李江涛. 海底热液烟囱体中微生物多样性研究进展[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2025, 45(3): 72-82. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2024032601
引用本文: 骈泽宇, 宿蕾, 张燕, 王鹏, 李江涛. 海底热液烟囱体中微生物多样性研究进展[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2025, 45(3): 72-82. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2024032601
PIAN Zeyu, SU Lei, ZHANG Yan, WANG Peng, LI Jiangtao. Research progress on microbial diversity in seafloor hydrothermal chimneys[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2025, 45(3): 72-82. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2024032601
Citation: PIAN Zeyu, SU Lei, ZHANG Yan, WANG Peng, LI Jiangtao. Research progress on microbial diversity in seafloor hydrothermal chimneys[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2025, 45(3): 72-82. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2024032601

海底热液烟囱体中微生物多样性研究进展

  • 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金“海底富铁硅氧化物微生物矿化的显微记录与分子机制”(42072333)
详细信息
    作者简介: 骈泽宇(1998—),男,硕士研究生,海洋科学专业,E-mail:pianzeyu@tongji.edu.cn
    通讯作者: 李江涛(1981—),男,博士,教授,主要从事海洋典型极端环境微生物学及相关生物地球化学过程的研究,E-mail:jtli@tongji.edu.cn
  • 中图分类号: P736

Research progress on microbial diversity in seafloor hydrothermal chimneys

More Information
  • 海底热液喷口是地球内部与海洋之间重要的物质和能量交换通道,其地质背景决定了喷出流体的化学成分。热液烟囱体是海底热液喷口的典型结构与生态单元,栖息着类型多样且生理功能各异的微生物类群。这些微生物能够利用高温热液与低温海水之间的化学不平衡或通过各种硫化物矿物风化蚀变获取维持自身代谢所必须的能量,并根据陡峭的温度、pH、Eh和还原化合物浓度的环境梯度,选择性地分布在烟囱体的各种生态位中。基于高通量测序和组分分析发现,烟囱体中微生物生命过程中涉及到的营养代谢类型包含硫氧化、硫还原、甲烷氧化、产甲烷、氢营养、铁氧化、硝化及反硝化等多种代谢方式,暗示了它们在全球元素循环中的潜在作用。本文系统地总结了在全球范围内热液烟囱体中栖息的微生物群系及其分布特征与变化规律,有利于全面、系统地认识和理解热液微生物的生存策略及其对环境的响应机制以及热液微生物参与的地球化学循环。

  • 加载中
  • 图 1  海底热液喷口在全球的分布[31]

    Figure 1. 

    图 2  海底热液烟囱体及其物理化学梯度

    Figure 2. 

    图 3  硫化物烟囱体内微生物演替的概念模型[24]

    Figure 3. 

    表 1  海底不同区域发育的深海热液喷口

    Table 1.  Deep-sea hydrothermal vents developed in different seafloor areas

    类型 全扩张速率 代表区域 典型热液场
    洋中脊扩张中心快速至超快速(>80 mm/a)East Pacific Rise21°N、13°N、9~10°N、7°S
    中速(50~80 mm/a)Central Indian Ridge,Juan de Fuca RidgeKairei、Edmond、Endeavor
    慢速至超慢速(<50 mm/a)Southwest Indian Ridge,Mid-Atlantic Ridge,Gakkl Ridge龙旂、断桥、Rainbow、Logatchev、Lucky Strike、Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse(TAG)
    弧后扩张中心Lau Basin,Manus basin,Mariana TroughMariner,Tow Cam,Yokosuka,Vienna Woods
    海底火山Kermadec Arc,Central PacificBrothers volcano, Loihi Seamount
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  深海热液流体特征[38, 44-45]

    Table 2.  Characteristics of deep-sea hydrothermal fluids

    扩张速率 基岩 位置 流体化学
    快速—超快速 镁铁质(高MgO和FeO以及Si>45%) 洋中脊扩张中心 富含H2S
    慢速—超慢速 镁铁质和超镁铁质(高 MgO、FeO 和 Si<45%) 洋中脊扩张中心和大洋核杂岩 富含H2和CH4(超镁铁质)
    其他 长英质、英安质或安山质(Si>65%) 汇聚板块边界处的火山弧 低 pH、H2 和 CH4且富含金属
    Guaymas Basin/Juan de Fuca Ridge 玄武岩与沉积物 靠近大陆边缘 富含NH4+
    Lost City 超镁铁质岩 洋中脊转换断层核杂岩区 高pH、H2和CH4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  烟囱体中空间位置与微生物以及代谢的关系[21-22, 44]

    Table 3.  Relationship between the spatial position in hydrothermal chimney and microorganisms and metabolism

    空间位置 优势物种 电子供体/电子受体 代谢途径 环境条件
    外层Campylobacteria纲、Gammaproteobacteria纲、Methanobacteriota门、Methanobacteriota_B门、Thermoproteota门H2S,H2/O2 、NO3硫氧化,氢氧化,反硝化等低温、强氧化性
    中间层Thermococcales目、Desulfurococcales目、Archaeoglobales目、
    Methanococcales目、Campylobacteria纲(Sulfurovum属和Sulfurimonas属)、Aquaficales纲
    H2S、H2、CH4/O2、NO3、SO42−硫氧化,氢氧化,甲烷氧化,硫酸盐还原等中温、还原/氧化
    内层Thermococcales目、Desulfurococcales目、Methanococci纲、Methanopyri纲H2S、H2/CO2硫还原,硫氧化,产甲烷等高温、强还原性
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
收稿日期:  2024-03-26
修回日期:  2024-05-01
刊出日期:  2025-06-28

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