Tectonic division of the offshore Indus Basin by integrated gravity and magnetic study
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摘要:
印度扇近海盆地是巴基斯坦海域重要的油气勘探目标区，但盆地尚处于勘探早期，受限于勘探资料的数量和品质，对盆地内部结构认识不够清晰，制约了该地区油气调查工作的进一步深入。以新一代卫星测高重力异常数据（V29.1）和EMGA2地磁网格数据（V2）为基础，利用重、磁场融合技术得到印度扇近海盆地及邻区重磁场融合结果，并对该研究区盆地内部油气构造格架进行研究。通过研究表明，重磁场融合结果能够很好刻画印度扇近海盆地内部结构：低磁低重对应盆地沉积坳陷区，高磁低重对应有岩浆岩侵入的坳陷区，高磁高重对应盆地隆起区，低磁高重对应碳酸盐岩台地区；结合钻井和二维地震资料，推断印度扇近海盆地呈现“三坳两隆”的构造格架，且受不同期次构造运动的影响，盆地“东西分块”特征明显。本次新划定盆地西南部的西部坳陷、西部隆起，南部坳陷面积增大，盆地南缘位于帕拉蒂纳脊附近。该研究成果为印度扇近海盆地及邻区基础地质、油气勘探研究提供依据。
Abstract:The offshore Indus Basin (OIB) is an important oil and gas exploration target area in Pakistan sea area. The exploration of the basin, limited by the quantity and quality of exploration data, is still in the early stage, which restricts the oil and gas investigation in this area. Based on the new generation of satellite altimetry gravity anomaly data (V29.1) and magnetic data from the Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (EMAG2-V2), the integrated gravity and magnetic field technique was applied to study the tectonic framework of the OIB, with which the integrated gravity and magnetic field was established and the structure of the OIB was interpreted. Results show that the areas of low-value magnetic and low-value gravity correspond to the sedimentary depressions, while those of high-value magnetic and low-value gravity correspond to the depressions with magma intrusions, whereas the areas of high-value magnetic and high-value gravity correspond to the uplift areas of the basin, and the areas of low-value magnetic and high-value gravity correspond to the carbonate platforms. Combined with the ocean drilling and 2D seismic profile data, three depressions and two uplifts in E-W in the OIB were inferred. Based on the previous tectonic division, the western depression and the western uplift in the southwestern corner of the basin were re-defined, the scope of the southern depression was expanded, and the southern edge of the basin was extended to near the Palatina ridge. This study provided evidence for basic geological and oil-gas exploration in the OIB and its adjacent areas.
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表 1 研究区内构造单元的重磁特征
Table 1. The gravity and magnetic characteristics of each tectonic unit in the study area
构造单元 构造走向 重力场特征 磁力场特征 重磁融合 马克兰增生楔 近EW 条带状低重力异常，西宽东窄，两侧重力梯级带特征明显 磁力低异常区，分布2个磁力低异常圈闭。异常区南侧为明显的磁力梯级带 低磁低重 阿曼深海平原 NE向 “三角状”低重力异常区，西宽东窄。剩余布格重力异常上分布3个重力高异常圈闭 高低相间条带状磁力异常，北高南低。高磁力异常条带自西向东分为4段；低磁力异常条带向西与北默里脊的西南段相连 北侧为高磁低重、南侧为低磁低重，局部分布高磁高重 默里脊系统 北默里脊 NE向 条带状重力高异常带，自西向东分为3段。西段与中段之间为 NW 向重力低，东段异常走向转为 NNE 向，截止于查曼走滑断裂 条带状磁力异常，分为东西两段。东段为高磁力异常条带，南段为低磁力异常条带，两段之间磁力异常梯级带 东段为高磁高重
西段为低磁高重达尔林普尔
海槽NE向 条带状重力低异常，海槽东端被NW向高重力异常条带截断 高磁力异常 低磁低重 真纳海槽 NE向 条带状重力低异常，向东延伸异常转为NNE向 分布2个块状低磁力异常圈闭，之间为NW向高磁力异常条带 低磁低重 南默里脊 NE向 狭长重力低异常条带，向东北延伸至查曼走滑断裂 自西向东分为2段，西段为条带状磁力高异常，东部为3个串珠状磁力高异常，不同磁力高异常之间为NW向磁力低异常 高磁高重 印度扇近海盆地 东部NW向
西部NE-NEE向分为东西两个异常区，中间以 NW 向重力高异常带为界，北宽南窄。东部为重力低异常带，呈 NW 走向；西部为高低相间重力异常分布，自北向南异常走向由 NE 向逐渐转为 NEE 向 分为东西两个异常区，中间以狭长的磁力高异常条带为界。东部为磁力低异常区，局部发育NE向磁力高异常条带；西部高低相间磁力异常特征，可细分为北中南3个异常区，北区位于南默里脊南侧，表现为条带状磁力低异常；中区以磁力高异常为主；南区以磁力低异常为主，局部发育块状磁力高异常 东部低磁低重；
中部高磁高重；
西部以低磁低重、高磁高重相间分布
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表 2 印度扇近海盆地新旧构造划分对比
Table 2. Comparison of new and old structure division in offshore Indus Basin
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