Analysis of accretion and erosion changes in sandy coasts of Haizhou Bay in the past 40 years
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摘要:
基于海州湾1984—2022年47幅遥感影像和1980—2014年4期海图，计算分析了上述时段砂质海岸潮间带在100/150/200 cm三种潮位下的出露面积变化、水下岸坡等深线和冲淤的空间变化，进而讨论了该砂质海岸冲淤变化的影响因素。结果表明：① 1984—2022年潮间带出露面积存在5次先增后减的起伏，以赣榆港二期工程为界，北部和南部面积均有明显减少，其中2011年建港前存在3次起伏，北部有所减少而南部基本稳定，2011年建港后存在2次起伏，北部有明显减少而南部也有所减少。北部减少主要受围垦和建港占用影响，南部则受人为占用影响较小。若不考虑人为占用，2011年建港前北部和南部面积均略有增加，2011年建港后北部面积略有增加而南部面积有明显减少。② 1980—2003年，水下岸坡所有等深线均呈现后退趋势，北部以弱侵蚀为主，自北向南，近岸总体由弱侵蚀逐渐转变为弱淤积，南部远岸表现弱侵蚀；2003—2014年，等深线变化趋势发生转变，2 m和10 m等深线向海前进，而5 m等深线仍向岸后退，赣榆港区工程及其向南延伸区域表现不同程度的侵蚀，北部近岸局部侵蚀，而其他区域则基本表现淤积，其中远岸淤积尤为明显。③ 赣榆港区防波堤建设引发的水动力条件减弱和泥沙自北向南运移受阻，是造成建港后潮间带北部基本稳定、略有淤积和南部明显侵蚀的主要影响因素。对于水下岸坡，建港前北部弱侵蚀、南部弱淤积的空间格局，可能与沉积物自东北向西南的净输运趋势有关，而建港后港区侵蚀向南延伸和其他区域总体淤积的空间格局，可能与人工疏浚吹填工程的改造有关。
Abstract:Based on 47 remote sensing images from 1984 to 2022 and four sets of nautical charts from 1980 to 2014 in the Haizhou Bay, Jiangsu, East China, we calculated and analyzed the variations in the exposed intertidal area at three tidal levels (100, 150, and 200 cm), as well as the changes in underwater isobaths, and the spatial patterns of erosion and accretion. Furthermore, we discussed the influencing factors that drove these changes in the sandy coast. Results indicate that: ① From 1984 to 2022, the exposed intertidal area exhibited five fluctuations of increase-decrease. Using the second-phase construction of the Ganyu Port as the boundary, the intertidal area was decreased significantly in both the north and the south directions. Prior to the port construction in 2011, three fluctuations occurred, with a slight decrease in the north while remained stable in the south. After 2011, two fluctuations were observed, with a notable reduction in the north and a moderate decrease in the south. The decline in the north was mainly caused by reclamation and port construction, while in the south it was less affected by human activities. Aside from the impact of human occupation, both the north and south regions showed slight increases before 2011. After 2011, the north region continued to increase slightly, while the south region experienced a significant reduction in area. ② From 1980 to 2003, all underwater isobaths showed a landward retreat. The north region is characterized by weak erosion mainly, transitioning from weak erosion nearshore to weak deposition southward, while the south offshore region showed weak erosion. Between 2003 and 2014, the trend of isobath changes reversed, in which the 2 m and 10 m isobaths advanced seaward, while the 5 m isobath continued to retreat landward. The Ganyu Port construction and its southern extension experienced varying degrees of erosion, while localized nearshore erosion was observed in the north region. Other areas exhibited mostly deposition, with the most pronounced accumulation occurring offshore. ③ The weakening of hydrodynamic conditions caused by the construction of Ganyu Port's breakwaters and the obstruction of sediment transport from north to south were the primary factors leading to the relative stability and slight deposition in the northern intertidal zone, while the southern intertidal zone experienced significant erosion after the port construction. Regarding the underwater coastal slope, the spatial pattern of weak erosion in the north and weak deposition in the south before the port construction may be associated with the net sediment transport trend from northeast to southwest. After port construction, the southward extension of erosion from the port area and the overall deposition in other regions were likely influenced by dredging and reclamation projects.
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Key words:
- remote sensing images /
- sandy coast /
- erosion and accretion changes /
- influencing factors /
- Haizhou Bay
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表 1 研究选用的1984—2022年遥感影像基本情况
Table 1. Basic information of the selected remote sensing images for this study between 1984 and 2022
序号 成像日期 传感器 潮位/m 序号 成像日期 传感器 潮位/m 序号 成像日期 传感器 潮位/m 1 1984-11-22 L5 1.10 17 2000-02-21 L7 2.04 33 2016-07-02 L8 2.04 2 1987-02-09 L5 1.40 18 2001-07-01 L7 1.98 34 2017-12-18 S2 1.00 3 1987-12-27 L5 1.10 19 2001-10-29 L5 1.56 35 2018-02-01 S2 0.97 4 1988-11-10 L5 1.46 20 2001-11-14 L5 1.01 36 2018-07-11 S2 1.99 5 1989-05-05 L5 1.99 21 2002-02-26 L7 1.03 37 2019-09-29 S2 1.40 6 1990-10-15 L5 1.90 22 2002-07-20 L7 2.02 38 2019-12-09 L8 0.97 7 1992-11-21 L5 1.04 23 2003-01-04 L5 2.06 39 2020-03-23 L8 1.60 8 1992-12-23 L5 1.54 24 2003-02-13 L7 1.03 40 2020-09-28 S2 1.91 9 1993-11-24 L5 1.60 25 2004-12-24 L5 1.03 41 2020-12-27 S2 0.91 10 1994-01-27 L5 1.56 26 2006-02-13 L5 1.46 42 2021-02-22 L8 2.05 11 1995-01-14 L5 1.10 27 2008-02-19 L5 1.03 43 2021-03-12 S2 0.96 12 1997-03-24 L5 1.54 28 2011-03-31 L5 1.03 44 2021-12-30 L8 1.54 13 1998-09-19 L5 2.04 29 2013-04-07 L8 1.04 45 2022-05-16 S2 1.53 14 1999-04-15 L5 1.43 30 2014-05-26 L8 1.55 46 2022-06-25 S2 1.92 15 1999-11-09 L5 1.96 31 2014-11-18 L8 2.05 47 2022-11-07 S2 0.90 16 2000-01-20 L7 0.94 32 2016-01-24 L8 0.91 注：L5、L7和L8分别表示Landsat 5、Landsat 7和Landsat 8，S2表示Sentinel-2。 
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表 2 研究选用的1980—2014年海图基本情况
Table 2. Basic information of the selected nautical charts for this study between 1980 and 2014
图号 出版时间 测量时间 比例尺 坐标系 投影 12570 1985 1980 1∶ 120000 BJ54 墨卡托 2008 2003 37001 2014 2011 1∶ 150000 CGCS2000 41001 2022 2014
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表 3 研究时段内海州湾主要海岸工程建设事件及其影响
Table 3. Main events and their impacts from the coastal engineering construction in the Haizhou Bay during the study period
事件名称 时间 影响 来源 柘汪乡养殖场修建 1987、1988年 占用潮间带光滩3.4×106 m2 文献[33] 海岸土地复垦 2002、2008、2013、2016年 占用潮间带光滩1.7×106 m2 本文遥感解译 赣榆港修建 2017、2019年 占用潮间带光滩3.1×106 m2 本文遥感解译
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