海底低温热液沉淀物中锰氧化物的显微结构特征及其指示意义

沈玥; 孙明雪; 周哲; 贺治伟; 王鹏; 张灵敏; 李江涛

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2025061203

海底低温热液沉淀物中锰氧化物的显微结构特征及其指示意义

1.
同济大学海洋地质全国重点实验室，上海 200092

2.
深圳国家高技术产业创新中心，深圳 410083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目“海底富铁硅氧化物微生物矿化的显微记录与分子机制”（42072333）；国家重点研发计划课题“洋壳蚀变过程成矿元素迁移转化的地生耦合研究”（2021YFF0501301）

详细信息

作者简介: 沈玥（2001—），女，硕士研究生，海洋科学专业，E-mail：shenyue@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者: 李江涛（1981—），男，教授，主要从事海洋典型极端环境微生物学及相关生物地球化学过程的研究，E-mail：jtli@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736.3

收稿日期: 2025-06-12

修回日期: 2025-07-11

录用日期: 2025-07-11

刊出日期: 2025-08-28

Microstructural characteristics of manganese oxides in deep-sea low-temperature hydrothermal deposit and their implications

1.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

2.
State High-Tech Industrial Innovation Center, Shenzhen 410083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Jiangtao, jtli@tongji.edu.cn

Received Date: 12 June 2025

Revised Date: 11 July 2025

Accepted Date: 11 July 2025

Publish Date: 28 August 2025

摘要

摘要:
海底低温热液产生的富铁硅锰氧化物广泛分布于全球海底，但目前对于其中富锰氧化物的形成机制还不清楚。本研究采集了来自西南印度洋脊龙旂热液区的富铁硅锰氧化物，利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对其中富锰氧化物的显微结构的元素和矿物组成进行了高分辨表征。结果表明富锰氧化物中广泛分布表面具孔洞、主要由弱结晶含钠δ-MnO₂组成的球状颗粒，它们内部碳含量很高，其表层与内部相比结晶度更高且碳含量更低。锰氧化物球状颗粒表面沉淀不同厚度的铁硅氧化物，并分布由嗜中性微需氧铁氧化菌产生的铁硅氧化物丝状显微结构。据此认为微生物锰氧化对富锰氧化物中大量锰氧化物球状颗粒的形成起到主要的促进作用，并且这些球状颗粒形成后通过自催化锰氧化产生结晶度更高的表层锰氧化物。锰氧化物球状颗粒的表层结构通过影响与热液流体接触的表面积和孔隙空间大小影响后期沉淀铁硅氧化物的厚度，其表面存在的孔洞能够为铁氧化菌的附着提供更为稳定的微环境。本研究为揭示海底低温热液环境中微生物的锰氧化作用、生物成因锰氧化物的特征及其后期变化过程提供了重要科学依据。
- 生物矿化 /
- 微生物锰氧化 /
- 海底低温热液环境 /
- 富铁硅锰氧化物 /
- 锰氧化物球状颗粒
Abstract:
Fe-Si-Mn oxyhydroxides deposited from deep-sea low-temperature hydrothermal fluids are widely distributed on the global seafloor, yet the formation mechanisms of Mn-rich oxides within these deposits remain unclear. This study used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to perform high-resolution characterization of the elemental and mineralogical composition of the microstructures of Mn-rich oxides in Fe-Si-Mn oxyhydroxide deposit from the Longqi Hydrothermal Field on the Southwest Indian Ridge. The Mn-rich oxides contain abundant spheres composed of poorly crystallized Na-bearing δ-MnO₂ with surface pores, which have carbon-rich interiors and more crystalline, carbon-depleted outer layers. Fe-Si oxyhydroxide layers of varying thicknesses and Fe-Si oxyhydroxide filaments formed by neutrophilic microaerophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria are on the surfaces of the Mn oxide spheres. Results suggest that the Mn oxide spheres formed mainly via microbial Mn oxidation, followed by autocatalytic Mn oxidation, forming more crystalline outer layers. Their surface structures influenced the thickness of the secondary Fe-Si oxyhydroxide precipitates by altering surface area and pore space in contact with hydrothermal fluids. The surface pores may have provided more stable microenvironments for the attachment of Fe-oxidizing bacteria. This study offered important scientific evidence into microbial roles in Mn oxide formation and the characteristics and post-depositional processes of biogenic Mn oxides in deep-sea low-temperature hydrothermal environments.
- biomineralization /
- microbial manganese oxidation /
- deep-sea low-temperature hydrothermal environment /
- Fe-Si-Mn oxyhydroxides /
- Mn oxide spheres

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图 1 龙旂热液区采集的富铁硅锰氧化物

Figure 1.

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图 2 富锰氧化物的显微结构特征

Figure 2.

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图 3 表面呈花瓣状结构的锰氧化物球状颗粒内部特征

Figure 3.

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图 4 表面呈细条状结构的锰氧化物球状颗粒内部特征

Figure 4.

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图 5 由EDS面扫描得到的锰氧化物球状颗粒不同区域的累积能谱图

Figure 5.

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图 6 锰氧化物球状颗粒局部TEM图像

Figure 6.

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