Geological characteristics and metallogenic regularity of bauxite in Mianchi, Henan Province
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摘要:
渑池铝土矿田是豫西地区重要的铝土矿聚集区，已发现大型铝土矿床10余处，但综合研究程度低、成矿规律认识不清晰，未开展深部成矿预测。文章对渑池铝土矿田的地质背景、矿体、矿石矿物和地球化学特征等进行了详细地研究，重点介绍了侯岭铝土矿和礼庄寨铝土矿的矿体特征、矿物组成、结构构造和主要化学成分，分析了含铝岩系化学组分的变化规律、物源风化强度、风化沉积环境、成矿物质来源和成矿作用规律等，结合岩相古地理及构造演化等研究成果，认为渑池铝土矿是长期风化残余堆积的产物，成矿物质具有多源性，经历了多期次、周期性的沉积成矿，淋滤作用使铝土矿品位大幅提高。渑池铝土矿具有受古岩溶地貌控制的多沉积中心成矿特征，铝土矿形成时，渑池地区呈缓倾的准平原喀斯特地貌，铝土矿大面积富集成矿，经成岩后的多期构造改造，形成了以向斜为主的构造格局，使向斜核部和南翼的含矿地层深埋，预测向斜的中深部仍赋存大规模的优质铝土矿。
Abstract:The Mianchi bauxite field is an important bauxite accumulation area in western Henan, where more than 10 large bauxite deposits have been discovered. However, the low degree of comprehensive research on bauxite deposits has resulted in unclear metallogenic regularity and no deep metallogenic prediction has been carried out. This paper introduced geological background, orebody, ore minerals and geochemical characteristics of Mianchi bauxite field in detail, focusing on the orebody characteristics, mineral composition, ore structure and main chemical composition of Houling and Lizhuangzhai bauxite deposits. Based on the analysis of the chemical composition changing rule, the weathering intensity of provenance, the weathering depositional environment, the metallogenic materials and the metallogenic regularities in aluminum-bearing rock series, combined with the research results of lithofacies paleogeography and tectonic evolution of aluminum-bearing rock series, it is proved that Mianchi bauxite has experienced multi-stage and periodic deposition and is the product of long-term weathering residual accumulation. The ore-forming materials of bauxite in Mianchi is multi-source. Leaching during bauxite formation results in significant improvement in ore grade. The bauxite deposit has the characteristics of multi-sedimentary center mineralization controlled by paleo-karst terrain. During the forming of bauxite, the Mianchi area was a gently inclined peneplain karst terrain, and bauxite extensively enriched in this area. After multi-stage structural transformation after diagenesis, a tectonic pattern dominated by syncline was formed in Mianchi, which deeply buried the ore-bearing strata in the core and south wing of the syncline, and it is predicted that large-scale high-quality bauxite still exists in the middle and deep parts of the syncline.
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Key words:
- Maichi /
- karstic bauxite /
- geological features /
- mineral composition /
- metallogenic regularity
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图 1 渑池矿田大地构造位置图（a）、区域地质构造简图（b）和地质矿产简图（c）（河南省地质调查院，2015；王建平等，2009）
Figure 1.
图 2 雷沟—侯岭铝土矿床H120勘探线剖面图（河南省地质调查院, 2015; 中国铝业有限公司，2004）
Figure 2.
图 3 礼庄寨铝土矿床H31勘探线剖面图（河南省地质调查院, 2015）
Figure 3.
图 7 渑池侯岭铝土矿的古岩溶地貌、钻孔分布及钻孔柱状对比图（河南省地质调查院, 2015）
Figure 7.
表 1 渑池矿田典型矿床铝土矿体特征一览表
Table 1. Characteristics of typical bauxite ore bodies in Mianchi ore field
矿床名称 厚度/m 矿体层
数/层天窗特征 厚度变化
系数/%产状/° 矿体形态 矿石结构 构造 矿物组合 最大厚度 平均厚度 倾向 倾角 主要矿物 次要矿物 雷沟 27.4 4.9 3 多个矿体、
无天窗− 209 10 层状、
似层状粒屑、豆鲕、
重结晶块状、层状、多孔状 硬水铝石 高岭石、伊利石、
水云母段村 12.2 3.4 2 9个矿体、
无天窗71 109 10 透镜状 粒屑、豆鲕、
重结晶块状、多孔状 硬水铝石 高岭石、伊利石、
水云母侯岭 8.3 3.9 1 多个矿体、
无天窗74 110 20 透镜状 粒屑、豆鲕、
重结晶块状、层状、多孔状 硬水铝石 高岭石、伊利石 礼庄寨 17.9 3.0 1 多个矿体、
无天窗74 100 10 似层状、
豆夹状粒屑、豆鲕、
重结晶块状、层状、多孔状 硬水铝石 高岭石、伊利石 贯沟 30.5 5.7 2 1个矿体、
无天窗− 150 16 透镜状 粒屑、豆鲕、
重结晶块状、层状、多孔状 硬水铝石 高岭石、伊利石、
水云母曹窑 17.0 4.6 3 １个无矿天窗 73 150 16 似层状、
豆夹状粒屑、重结晶 块状、层状、多孔状 硬水铝石 高岭石、伊利石、
水云母贾家洼
西矿段18.5 4.0 1 １个无矿天窗 93 165 14 似层状、
透镜状粒屑、重结晶 块状、层状、多孔状、
沙粒状硬水铝石、
伊利石高岭石、蒙脱石、
叶腊石贾家洼
东矿段45.1 3.4 2 8个矿体、
无天窗107 160 14 厚层状、
透镜状粒屑、豆鲕、
重结晶块状、定向、多孔状 硬水铝石、
高岭石伊利石 曹窑深部 17.9 5.0 1 15个矿体、2个无矿天窗 74 158 15 厚层状、
透镜状粒屑、重结晶 块状、层纹状、蜂窝状 硬水铝石 高岭石、水云母 小龙庙 8.4 2.1 0 1个无矿天窗 29 150 11 似层状
透镜状粒屑、豆鲕、
重结晶块状、层状、多孔状 硬水铝石 高岭石、水云母 杜家沟 25.2 − − 8个矿体、
无天窗− − − 似层状
透镜状粒屑、泥晶 块状 硬水铝石 高岭石、水云母 注: 表格数据引自地质勘查报告（河南省地质调查院, 2014, 2015; 河南省地质矿产勘查开发局测绘队, 2010a, 2010b; 河南省有色金属地质矿产局第六地质大队, 1985; 闫石, 2013; 郑州豫源地矿勘查技术服务有限公司等, 2007; 中国铝业股份有限公司, 2009; 中国铝业有限公司, 2004）。 
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表 2 渑池矿田典型铝土矿床的地球化学特征
Table 2. Geochemical characteristics of typical bauxite deposits in Mianchi ore field
矿区 主要成分/% A/S 备注 Al2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 TiO2 S 雷沟 68.79 8.72 3.19 2.94 0.57 7.90 浅部 段村 69.25 8.88 1.88 2.04 0.42 7.80 浅部 侯岭 63.05 12.93 3.68 2.96 1.21 4.90 深部 礼庄寨 61.79 12.49 4.89 3.67 2.46 4.90 浅−深部 贯沟 68.68 8.34 3.47 2.58 0.12 8.20 浅部 曹窑 63.67 9.97 5.29 4.58 0.10 6.40 浅部 贾家洼西段 66.42 11.74 2.72 2.75 0.15 5.70 浅部 贾家洼东矿段 66.55 10.77 3.38 3.06 0.19 6.20 浅部 曹窑深部 64.14 12.87 3.06 2.91 0.90 5.00 深部 小龙庙 65.08 12.50 3.63 2.38 0.59 4.60 浅−深部 杜家沟 54.31～78.01 3.67～21.58 1.00～17.03 2.65～4.44 − − 浅部 注:数据来自矿区地质勘查报告。
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