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基于分形理论的下扬子地区孤峰组页岩孔隙结构研究

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刘桃, 廖圣兵, 邵威, 方朝刚, 章诚诚. 2025. 基于分形理论的下扬子地区孤峰组页岩孔隙结构研究. 华东地质, 46(2): 238-251. doi: 10.16788/j.hddz.32-1865/P.2024.06.002
引用本文: 刘桃, 廖圣兵, 邵威, 方朝刚, 章诚诚. 2025. 基于分形理论的下扬子地区孤峰组页岩孔隙结构研究. 华东地质, 46(2): 238-251. doi: 10.16788/j.hddz.32-1865/P.2024.06.002
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LIU Tao, LIAO Shengbing, SHAO Wei, FANG Chaogang, ZHANG Chengcheng. 2025. Research on the pore structure of Gufeng Formation shale in the Lower Yangtze area based on fractal theory. East China Geology, 46(2): 238-251. doi: 10.16788/j.hddz.32-1865/P.2024.06.002
Citation: LIU Tao, LIAO Shengbing, SHAO Wei, FANG Chaogang, ZHANG Chengcheng. 2025. Research on the pore structure of Gufeng Formation shale in the Lower Yangtze area based on fractal theory. East China Geology, 46(2): 238-251. doi: 10.16788/j.hddz.32-1865/P.2024.06.002
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基于分形理论的下扬子地区孤峰组页岩孔隙结构研究

  • 中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心, 江苏 南京 210016

  • 基金项目: 中国地质调查局“无为—南陵地区盆地深部地质调查（编号：DD20243499）”和“苏皖地区页岩气资源调查评价（编号：DD20221662）”项目联合资助。
详细信息
    作者简介: 刘桃，1994年生，男，工程师，硕士，主要从事油气地质研究工作。Email：1115303614@qq.com
    通讯作者: 邵威，1988年生，男，工程师，硕士，主要从事页岩气地质研究工作。Email：44252631@qq.com。

  • 中图分类号: P593；P624

Research on the pore structure of Gufeng Formation shale in the Lower Yangtze area based on fractal theory

  • Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 复杂的孔隙结构系统是制约页岩气富集成藏的主要因素，但现有的孤峰组页岩孔隙结构研究尚较为薄弱。为明确下扬子地区孤峰组页岩储层的孔隙结构特征，文章应用扫描电镜、高压压汞和氮气吸附等多种实验手段，基于孔隙分形理论，揭示了孤峰组页岩孔隙的多段分形特征，建立了孤峰组页岩孔隙大小分类方案，将孔隙按孔径大小划分为微孔（＜2 nm）、小孔（2～20 nm）、中孔（20～50 nm）、大孔（50～5 000 nm）及特大孔（＞5 000 nm）等5类，并讨论了不同类型孔隙的发育特征。研究结果显示，孤峰组页岩储集空间类型多样，主要包括有机质孔、矿物溶蚀孔及微裂缝等；页岩孔径分布显示，孤峰组页岩孔隙发育以小孔（2～20 nm）为主，平均体积分数达50.3%；不同类型孔隙中， 20 nm以下的微孔隙越发育，则页岩孔隙系统的复杂程度越高，吸附气赋存能力越强，越有利于下扬子复杂构造区页岩气富集成藏。因此，以发育小孔为主的孤峰组页岩具有良好的页岩气勘探前景。

    The complex pore structure system is the main controlling factor restricting the accumulation of shale gas, but there is less research on the pore structure of Gufeng Formation shale. In order to clarify the pore structure characteristics of the Gufeng Formation shale reservoir in the Lower Yangtze Region, we applied various experimental methods such as scanning electron microscopy, high-pressure mercury injection and nitrogen adsorption, to reveal the multi-stage fractal characteristics of the Gufeng Formation shale pores in combination with the pore fractal theory. This article establishes a classification scheme for pore size of Gufeng Formation shale, which consists of five categories with description of various development features: micropores (＜2 nm), micropores (2～20 nm), mesopores (20～50 nm), macropores (50～5 000 nm), and macropores (＞5000 nm). The results showcase diverse reservoir space of Gufeng Formation shale, including organic pores, mineral dissolution pores and micro-fractures. The distribution of the pore size in the shale shows that the Gufeng Formation are dominated by small pores (2～20 nm), whose volume fraction is 50.3% on average. In different types of pores, with the development of micropores below 20nm, the shale pore system became more complex and the adsorbed gas capacity strengthened, which is more conducive to enriching the shale gas and integrating reservoirs in the Lower Yangtze complex structure area. Therefore, the small pores-dominated Gufeng Formation shale has a good shale gas exploration prospect.

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  • 图 1  下扬子地区二叠纪孤峰组岩相古地理图（a）及WWD-1井地层柱状图（b）（李建青等，2021；廖圣兵等，2021）

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  孤峰组页岩孔隙类型

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  孤峰组页岩高压压汞进汞-退汞曲线

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  孤峰组页岩高压压汞分形曲线

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  孤峰组页岩低温氮气吸附-脱附曲线

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  孤峰组页岩N2吸附分形曲线

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  孤峰组页岩不同类型孔隙孔径分布图

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  孤峰组页岩总分形维数与孔隙发育（a）（b）、矿物组分（d）（e）（f）、TOC（c）的相关性分析

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  孤峰组页岩孔隙分布与BET比表面积的相关性

    Figure 9. 

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    图 10  孤峰组页岩甲烷等温吸附曲线

    Figure 10. 

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    表 1  下扬子地区孤峰组页岩TOC及矿物含量

    Table 1.  TOC and mineral composition contents of the Gufeng Formation shale in the Lower Yangtze area

    样品编号 深度/m TOC/% Ro/% 矿物含量/%
    石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 白云石 黄铁矿 黏土矿物
    样品1 447 5.51 1.53 52 0 2 27 0 1 18
    样品2 459 5.56 1.64 58 0 0 9 2 6 25
    样品3 465 6.71 1.63 63 0 0 28 1 5 3
    样品4 468 4.89 1.65 58 0 0 29 2 2 9
    样品5 481 3.71 1.75 21 0 0 70 1 2 6
    样品6 483 3.33 1.77 25 0 0 55 7 3 10
    平均值 — 4.95 1.66 46 0 0 36 2 3 12
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  孤峰组页岩高压压汞分形维数

    Table 2.  Fractal dimension of high-pressure mercury intrusion in Gufeng Formation shale

    样品编号第1段分形第2段分形第3段分形拐点直径/μm
    DMICP-1R2DMICP-2R2DMICP-3R2r1-2r2-3
    样品12.238 90.973 82.135 60.913 62.723 50.979 54.72～6.050.045～0.050
    样品22.178 80.976 52.063 40.909 52.691 50.984 04.67～7.250.050～0.055
    样品32.213 70.977 92.068 10.966 72.812 90.971 74.77～6.050.047～0.052
    样品42.132 50.967 52.043 10.947 32.604 50.936 44.77～6.050.050～0.056
    样品52.390 90.987 22.166 70.993 72.365 20.986 14.60～6.050.050～0.055
    样品62.169 20.973 02.048 80.995 22.670 80.924 74.59～6.050.047～0.052
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  孤峰组页岩N2吸附分形维数

    Table 3.  Fractal dimension of N2 adsorption in Gufeng Formation shale

    样品编号0＜P/Po＜0.50.5＜P/Po＜0.90.9＜P/Po＜1
    K1R2DFHH-1K2R2DFHH-2K3R2DFHH-3
    样品1−0.334 20.958 62.665 8−0.174 10.999 02.825 9−0.101 00.985 32.899 0
    样品2−0.321 80.965 92.678 2−0.170 90.996 22.829 1−0.087 00.989 42.913 0
    样品3−0.311 10.974 62.688 9−0.174 40.998 32.825 6−0.122 60.992 22.877 4
    样品4−0.346 70.970 62.653 3−0.193 70.996 82.806 3−0.090 80.993 32.909 2
    样品5−0.353 60.983 02.646 4−0.196 80.995 12.803 2−0.138 40.996 32.861 6
    样品6−0.330 50.981 02.669 5−0.188 10.996 22.811 9−0.119 30.990 02.880 7
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4  孤峰组页岩不同类型孔隙体积分数

    Table 4.  Different types of pore volume fractions in Gufeng Formation shale

    样品编号 孔隙体积分数/%
    微孔 小孔 中孔 大孔 特大孔
    样品1 19.0 50.2 14.3 8.0 8.5
    样品2 21.5 54.9 11.6 3.3 8.7
    样品3 18.5 52.3 15.1 3.7 10.4
    样品4 18.8 53.9 12.6 2.8 11.8
    样品5 8.5 39.3 10.6 23.5 18.0
    样品6 17.6 51.4 13.4 3.6 14.0
    平均值 17.3 50.3 12.9 7.5 11.9
    下载: 导出CSV
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收稿日期:  2024-06-11
修回日期:  2024-09-27
录用日期:  2024-09-30
刊出日期:  2025-06-28

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