Ecological and geological interaction model: The coupling of supergene geological processes and ecological characteristics
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摘要: 生态-地质作用关系模式诠释的重要内容之一是将基岩风化成土过程及对生态特征的影响进行形象化表达,包括基岩类型、风化过程中成土元素特征和迁移规律、土壤结构,以及与之相对应的生态特征等,重点突出基岩风化成土过程等表生地质过程对生态特征的影响作用。选择内蒙古阴山北麓、张北坝上、西南典型岩溶区等地区,分别研究、分析了不同表生地质条件下土壤垂向结构特征与物质组成、成壤过程中元素迁移特征、生态支撑层的元素富集与亏损等基岩风化成土过程与特征及其对生态分布特征的影响作用,建立了植被分布与风蚀作用基岩风化成土模式、凹陷盆地人工林退化与风化冲洪积土壤栗钙化模式、成土母岩对石漠化发育程度的影响模式等3种生态-地质作用模式,揭示了成土过程对植被分布特征与不同类型生态问题的影响,以期为国土空间生态保护修复提供科学依据。Abstract: One of the important contents of the interpretation of the eco-geological interaction model is to visua-lize the weathering and soil-forming process of bedrock and its impact on ecology, including bedrock type, characteristics and migration rules of soil-forming elements in the weathering process, soil structure, and corresponding ecological characteristics. The impact of epigenetic geological processes such as bedrock weathering and soil formation on ecological characteristics is highlighted. In this paper, taking the northern Yinshan of Inner Mongolia, Zhangbei Dam and typical karst area in Southwest China, the authors analyzed the processes and characteristics of bedrock weathering and soil formation under the different supergene geological condition, such as the vertical structure characteristics and material composition of soil, migration characteristics of element, and element enrichment and loss of ecological support layer, and their influence on ecological distribution characteristics. Three eco-geological interaction models are established, including the vegetation distribution and wind erosion bedrock weathering and soil-forming model, artificial forest degradation and weathering alluvial proluvial soil chestnut calcification model in depression basin, and the influence model of soil-forming parent rock on the development degree of rocky desertification. This research helps to reveal the influence of soil-forming process on vegetation distribution and ecological problems, and provides scientific basis for land and space ecological protection and restoration.
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Key words:
- ecogeological survey /
- interaction model /
- rock weathering /
- soil-forming process /
- element migration
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