Natural restoration in the loess hilly and gully region under the disturbance of underground coal mining
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摘要:
作为重要能源基地的鄂尔多斯市属于黄土高原，生态及其脆弱，随着煤炭的地下开采，产生了大量露天采坑、排土场和塌陷区。为研究黄土丘陵沟壑区煤炭地下开采产生的塌陷区塌陷裂缝自然修复效果及修复方法，以准格尔旗串草圪旦煤矿为研究对象，利用遥感解译、土壤测量等手段，并基于修正通用土壤流失方程(revised universal soil loss equation，RUSLE)构建边缘裂缝自然恢复模型，研究分析塌陷裂缝自然恢复特征并提出修复建议。结果显示: 黄土丘陵沟壑区塌陷出现分区特征，动态裂缝区自然修复下1 a内基本恢复，且恢复效果较佳; 边缘裂缝区自然修复效果差且长时间难以恢复，模拟恢复最长时间达26.2 a。研究证明塌陷区修复应选择基于自然的分区修复法，研究成果可为黄土丘陵沟壑区地下开采塌陷裂缝修复治理提供参考。
Abstract:As an important energy base, Ordos is part of the Loess Plateau and has a very fragile ecosystem. A large number of open-pit mines, spoil heaps and subsidence areas have been created with the large-scale coal mining. Chuancaogedan coal mine in Zhungeer Banner was selected as the research object to study the natural restoration effect and methods of collapse fractures in the coal underground mining-induced subsidence areas in loess hilly and gully region. Remote sensing interpretation, soil measurement and other means were used to construct a natural recovery model of edge cracks, based on revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). The natural restoration characteristics of collapse fractures were studied and restoration suggestions were put forward. The results show that the collapse areas in loess hilly and gully region have zonal characteristics. The dynamic fractures area could basically recover within one year under natural restoration, and the restoration effect is good. The natural restoration effect of the edge crack area is poor and it is difficult to recover for a long time, with the longest simulated restoration time reaching 26.2 years. The research shows that the restoration of collapse areas should adopt a nature-based zonal restoration method. The research results could provide references for the restoration and governance of collapse fractures caused by underground mining in loess hilly and gully region.
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Key words:
- underground mining /
- dynamic fracture /
- marginal fracture /
- natural restoration /
- RUSLE model
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表 1 研究区动态裂缝统计数据
Table 1. Statistical data of dynamic fractures in the study area
时间 序号 长度/m 宽度/m 下错距离/m 形状 2021年7月 1 300 0.30 0.55 弧形 2 100 0.15 0.43 弧形 3 550 0.30 0.21 弧形 4 800 0.25 0.11 直线形 5 320 0.10 0.02 直线形 6 900 0.51 0.01 直线形 7 700 0.41 0.01 直线形 8 70 0.23 0.10 直线形 9 330 0.32 0.03 直线形 10 550 0.43 0.02 直线形 11 920 0.25 0.01 直线形 12 520 0.24 0.05 直线形 13 660 0.12 0.03 直线形 14 580 0.35 0.11 直线形 2022年7月 1 130 0.06 0.25 弧形 2 70 0.03 0.12 弧形 
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表 2 研究区不同停采年限边缘裂缝数据
Table 2. Marginal fracture data for different stop-mining years in the study area
停采时间/a 裂缝数 平均长度/m 最大平均宽度/m 3 33 104 0.45 6 21 85 0.49 11 14 38 0.51
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表 3 研究区各裂缝自然恢复估计时间
Table 3. Estimated time of natural restoration for each fracture in the study area
编号 L /m W/m D/m 物源供给面积/hm2 侵蚀模数/ [t·(hm-2 ·a-1)] 模拟恢复时间/a 监测恢复时间/a 误差比例/ % ① 138 0.50 5.0 1.984 38 15.277 5 9.10 7.2 26.4 ② 122 0.60 3.0 2.468 75 33.941 1 2.09 2.0 -30.0 ③ 62 0.30 3.5 0.125 00 51.218 8 8.13 6.0 35.5 ④ 99 0.26 1.5 0.078 13 15.277 5 26.22 4.0 555.5* ⑤ 64 0.45 2.2 0.039 19 881.650 0 1.47 1.5 -2.0 注: *为监测未愈合模型。
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