Pollution characteristic and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in karst underground river of heavy industrial city
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摘要:
重工业城市是多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)的重要污染源体，岩溶区因其独特的地下空间结构, 导致PAHs在岩溶环境中能长期存在，危害岩溶生态系统和人类健康。为揭示重工业城市岩溶地下河中PAHs的污染特征，于2015年6月(丰水期)和12月(枯水期)，采集鸡喇地下河管道沿走向布设的6个采样点，枯水期增加1个响水河采样点。结果表明: ①丰、枯水期地下水中ΣPAHs平均浓度分别为267.32 ng/L和350.59 ng/L，且丰水期PAHs组成以2~3环为主，枯水期以4环为主，其组成表现出受降雨以及各组分理化性质的影响; ②鸡喇地下河受到了柳北重工业的影响，其PAHs污染水平为中等; ③健康风险评价结果显示仅枯水期部分风险指数高于5.0×10-5，尤其是幼儿阶段超标率较高，表明PAHs对居民身体健康具有一定的危害，但危害不大; ④通过对鸡喇地下河中PAHs的后续追踪，发现鸡喇地下河中PAHs的浓度近些年处于较稳定的状态。研究PAHs在岩溶区重工业城市多环境介质中的环境行为，防治PAHs对岩溶环境的污染，既是环境科学研究的一项重要内容，又可为岩溶地区工业布局和城市规划提供科技支撑。
Abstract:The heavy industrial city is an important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution. PAHs can exist in karst environment for a long time due to its unique underground space structure, which harms the karst ecosystem and human health. In order to reveal the characteristics of PAHs pollution in karst underground river in heavy industrial city, the researchers in this paper collected 6 sampling sites in Jila underground river pipeline strike in June (wet season) and December (dry season) in 2015, and added 1 sampling site in Xiangshui River during dry season. The results are as follows. ① The average concentrations of ΣPAHs in groundwater in wet reason and dry season were 267.32 ng/L and 350.59 ng/L, respectively. The PAHs were mainly composed of 2~3 rings in wet season and 4 rings in dry season, which were influenced by rainfall and physicochemical properties of each component. ② Jila underground river was affected by Liubei heavy industry, and its PAHs pollution level was medium. ③ The results of health risk assessment showed that only part of the risk index in dry season was higher than 5.0×10-5, especially in the early childhood stage, indicating that PAHs had certain harm to the residents' health, but the harm was not great. ④ Through the follow-up tracking of PAHs in Jila underground river, it was found that the PAHs concentration in Jila underground river was in a relatively stable state in recent years. The environmental behavior research of PAHs in the multi-environmental media of heavy industrial cities and prevention of PAHs pollution to karst environment is not only an important content of environmental science research, but also provides scientific and technological support for industrial layout and urban planning in karst areas.
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表 1 柳州市鸡喇地下河采样点概况
Table 1. Sampling sites of Jila underground river in Liuzhou City
采样点编号 水点类型 周边环境 D1 泉点 泉点出露于山脚下，位于公园内 D2 水潭 泉水汇成长约800 m、宽约200 m、水深3~5 m的水潭，称为大龙潭 D3 地下河管道 采样点位于龙潭医院石山中的洞穴中，是地下河流经的管道 D4 地表河 周围为居民区和农田，有生活污水和灌溉水排入 D5 伏流入口 位于商业学校内 D6 地下河出口 位于柳江边，周围有大量小型工厂 D7 地表河 周围为农田、公路 
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表 2 鸡喇地下河中PAHs终生致癌风险指数
Table 2. Lifetime carcinogenic risk index of PAHs in Jila underground river
点位 PAHs终生致癌风险指数 终生 婴儿 幼儿 儿童 青少年 成人 丰水期 D1 2.77×10-6 9.71×10-7 6.84×10-7 5.18×10-7 7.17×10-7 5.66×10-6 D2 1.14×10-6 3.99×10-7 2.81×10-7 2.13×10-7 2.95×10-7 2.33×10-6 D3 1.39×10-6 4.86×10-7 3.42×10-7 2.59×10-7 3.59×10-7 2.83×10-6 D4 1.27×10-5 4.45×10-6 3.13×10-6 2.37×10-6 3.28×10-6 2.59×10-5 D5 1.66×10-6 5.80×10-7 4.09×10-7 3.10×10-7 4.28×10-7 3.38×10-6 D6 3.63×10-6 1.27×10-6 8.96×10-7 6.79×10-7 9.39×10-7 7.42×10-6 枯水期 D1 2.86×10-5 1.00×10-5 7.05×10-6 5.34×10-6 7.39×10-6 5.84×10-5 D2 5.26×10-5 1.84×10-5 1.30×10-5 9.83×10-6 1.36×10-5 1.07×10-4 D3 4.50×10-5 1.58×10-5 1.11×10-5 8.41×10-6 1.16×10-5 9.19×10-5 D4 4.83×10-5 1.69×10-5 1.19×10-5 9.04×10-6 1.25×10-5 9.88×10-5 D5 2.23×10-4 7.83×10-5 5.52×10-5 4.18×10-5 5.78×10-5 4.57×10-4 D6 1.92×10-4 6.74×10-5 4.74×10-5 3.59×10-5 4.97×10-5 3.93×10-4 D7 6.37×10-5 2.23×10-5 1.57×10-5 1.19×10-5 1.65×10-5 1.30×10-4
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