Application of integrated remote sensing technology in geological disaster monitoring of Huanglongtan reservoir area
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摘要:
堵河流域黄龙滩库区是南水北调的重要水源地之一，属于地质灾害高易发、高危险、高风险区，目前主要采用宏观监测、群测群防、专业监测和“四位一体”网格化管理相结合的方式进行地质灾害监测预警，存在监测手段严重不足的问题，对于利用综合遥感技术构建“天-空-地”立体化的地质灾害监测网络有着客观需求。针对黄龙滩库区存在的地质灾害监测短板，在分析库区地质灾害发育规律的基础上，将其划分为一般区、重点区和重大地质灾害区3个监测层次，一般区监测布置光学遥感解译和合成孔径雷达干涉(interferometric synthetic aperture radar，InSAR)变形监测，重点区监测增加机载激光雷达(light laser detection and ranging，LiDAR)监测，重大地质灾害区监测再增加无人机摄影测量和地面三维激光扫描监测，同时对识别出的变形区及时进行地质灾害隐患排查。通过“天-空-地”一体化的地质灾害早期识别和监测预警，可满足乡村振兴、地质环境保护和水安全保障等方面的防灾能力需求。研究对山区构建“点面双控”式的地质灾害监测预警体系具有借鉴意义。
Abstract:Huanglongtan reservoir area in Du River basin is one of the important water sources for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and it belongs to highly prone, dangerous and risky geological disaster area. At present, the combination of macro monitoring, group monitoring and prevention, professional monitoring and "four in one" grid management are used for geological disaster monitoring and early warning. Due to the serious insufficiency of monitoring methods, there is an objective demand for the use of comprehensive remote sensing technology to build a "space-aerial-ground" three-dimensional geological disaster monitoring network. Aiming at the short board of geological disaster monitoring in Huanglongtan reservoir area, the authors divided the area into three monitoring levels, including general area, key area and major geological disaster area, based on analysis of the development law of geological disasters in this area. The optical remote sensing interpretation and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) were arranged in the general area. The light laser detection and ranging (LiDAR) was added to the key area monitoring. The unmanned aerial vehide photogrammetry and ground three-dimensional laser scanning monitoring were added to the major geological disaster area monitoring. At the same time, the hidden dangers of geological disasters in the identified deformation area were checked in time. By the early identification, monitoring and early warning of geological disasters integrated with "space-aerial-ground" network, the disaster prevention capacity requirements in rural revitalization, geological environment protection and water security were met. The research has reference significance for the construction of "point and surface control" type geological disaster monitoring and early warning system in mountainous areas.
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表 1 黄龙滩库区地质灾害综合遥感监测分区及对应工作方法
Table 1. Deployment of comprehensive remote sensing monitoring of geological disasters and the corresponding working methods in Huanglongtan reservoir area
监测分区 分区代号 分布区域 面积/km2 面积合计/km2 工作方法 一般区监测 A 库区全域 1 072.88 1 072.88 ①光学遥感解译+InSAR形变监测 重点区监测 B1 潘口乡至姚坪乡的河谷地带和集镇区 162.39 275.60 ①光学遥感解译+InSAR形变监测；
②机载LiDAR监测B2 房县大木厂镇集镇 34.11 B3 大木厂镇至叶大乡的河谷地带和集镇区 69.27 B4 黄龙滩水库库首 9.83 重大地质灾害区监测 C1 潘口乡悬鼓洲村斜坡 0.42 3.00 ①光学遥感解译+InSAR形变监测；
②机载LiDAR监测；
③无人机摄影测量+地面三维激光扫描监测C2 城关镇撬场村斜坡 0.58 C3 楼台乡钻炭岩斜坡 0.35 C4 姚坪乡集镇斜坡 0.35 C5 叶大乡麻池村斜坡 1.30 
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