Analysis of groundwater environmental background values in the Yellow River lateral seepage impact zone in Henan Province
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摘要:
地下水环境背景值是衡量地下水是否遭受污染的重要依据，确定区域内地下水环境背景值是评价该地区地下水可持续发展的重要标尺。针对河南省黄河下游侧渗影响带水文地质与地下水化学特征，划分5个地下水环境背景值单元分区，运用数理统计方法计算各个分区8种地下水化学指标的地下水环境背景值和范围。研究结果表明: 黄河阶地Ⅳ区的地下水背景值最低，地处黄河南岸的Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区地下水背景值较低，黄河北岸的Ⅴ区和位于黄河流向自EW向转为SW向凸岸处的Ⅲ区地下水背景值较高; 研究区主要地下水类型为HCO3--Ca2+·Mg2+·Na+型、HCO3--Mg2+·Ca2+·Na+型和HCO3--Mg2+·Na+·Ca2+型，研究区内Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、SO42-、Cl-、溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids，TDS)值存在高背景值区，Ca2+、Mg2+的高背景值区可能是由于矿物溶解和阳离子交换作用所导致，农业面源污染形成了Cl-和SO42-的高背景值区，TDS值高背景值区是由于该区域蒸发浓缩作用强所导致; Gibbs图解显示研究区地下水主要受到原生地层中矿物风化溶解作用的影响，也受到部分蒸发浓缩作用的影响。研究结果查明了河南省黄河下游侧渗影响带的水质分布规律，提升对该区域的地下水水质形成演化机理的认识，为维护区域地下水可持续发展提供了重要支撑。
Abstract:The groundwater environmental background value is an important basis for measuring whether the groundwater is polluted, and the groundwater environmental background value is an important yardstick for evaluating the sustainable development level of groundwater in this region. Five groundwater background value unit zonings were divided in this paper based on the hydrogeological and groundwater chemical characteristics of lateral seepage impact zone in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in Henan Province. The groundwater environmental background values and ranges of 8 groundwater chemical indicators in each zoing were calculated using mathematical and statistical methods. The results show that the groundwater background value of Zone Ⅳ in the Yellow River terrace is the lowest, while that of Zone Ⅰ and Zone Ⅱ on the southem bank of the Yellow River is lower. The background values of Zone Ⅴ on the northem bank of the Yellow River and Zone Ⅲ, where the Yellow River turns from east-west to south-west, are higher. The main groundwater types in the study area are HCO3--Ca2+·Mg2+·Na2+, HCO3--Mg2+·Ca2+·Na+ and HCO3--Mg2+·Na+·Ca2+ water. There are high background value areas for Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, Cl-, TDS and other indicators in the study area. The high background value area of Ca2+ and Mg2+ may be caused by mineral dissolution and cation exchange, and that of SO42- and Cl- may be caused by agricultural non-point source pollution. The high background value area of TDS is caused by strong evaporation and concentration in this area. The Gibbs diagram shows that the groundwater in this area is mainly affected by the weathering and dissolution of minerals in the original strata, and is also affected by partial evaporation and concentration. The water quality distribution law of the lateral seepage impact zone in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in Henan Province was identified, and the understanding of the formation and evolution mechanism of groundwater quality in this region was improved. The research results could provide important support for maintaining the sustainable development of regional groundwater.
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表 1 研究区典型指标地下水环境背景值统计
Table 1. Typical indicators statistical of groundwater environmental background values of the study area
分区 指标 ω(HCO3-)/(mg·L-1) ω(Cl-)/(mg·L-1) ω(SO42-)/(mg·L-1) ω(K+)/(mg·L-1) ω(Ca2+)/(mg·L-1) ω(Na+)/(mg·L-1) ω(Mg2+)/(mg·L-1) pH值 TDS/(mg·L-1) Ⅰ区 中位数 431.13 64.35 79.97 1.99 72.08 57.81 39.97 7.57 632.14 背景值 437.04 72.59 87.06 1.97 73.07 69.74 43.58 7.57 686.67 背景值下限(5%) 251.58 24.36 21.32 0.50 40.40 39.52 22.35 7.21 369.20 背景值上限(95%) 606.56 139.80 183.12 3.84 116.67 120.92 68.78 7.88 1142.00 分布类型 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 样本数/个 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 18 17 Ⅱ区 中位数 527.82 121.01 100.86 1.81 99.00 110.40 55.40 7.60 772.05 背景值 503.94 112.82 121.95 2.34 88.66 102.14 59.38 7.61 842.26 背景值下限(5%) 297.78 35.31 47.24 0.55 34.53 42.82 36.40 7.19 488.20 背景值上限(95%) 675.23 197.72 241.20 5.13 134.84 168.20 92.21 7.96 1480.10 分布类型 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 样本数/个 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 20 Ⅲ区 中位数 553.02 140.03 162.01 0.22 72.60 126.04 46.80 7.55 886.50 背景值 532.89 150.42 195.19 0.84 76.63 138.39 50.34 7.67 928.80 背景值下限(5%) 303.03 34.94 26.46 0.022 24.20 48.22 20.58 7.32 409.60 背景值上限(95%) 791.20 288.80 394.80 2.12 130.60 259.60 90.12 8.07 1348.40 分布类型 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 样本数/个 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 Ⅳ区 中位数 415.02 54.59 54.80 2.01 78.20 66.30 46.90 7.54 567.50 背景值 472.86 70.89 60.54 1.85 84.11 68.75 47.93 7.55 614.11 背景值下限(5%) 258.60 10.86 5.56 0.55 44.58 20.55 19.80 7.23 310.00 背景值上限(95%) 752.40 168.8 121.6 7.92 120.04 131.6 82.38 7.73 920.79 分布类型 正态 正态 正态 对数正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 样本数/个 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 29 29 Ⅴ区 中位数 543.08 109.19 130.00 1.83 79.83 139.10 64.52 7.50 854.50 背景值 573.28 123.84 142.77 2.46 96.60 144.57 65.87 7.50 855.33 背景值下限(5%) 477.06 44.84 39.46 0.54 56.13 86.60 39.16 7.08 563.16 背景值上限(95%) 721.10 230.10 284.60 5.43 167.60 235.60 96.89 7.96 1376.05 分布类型 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 正态 样本数/个 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 35 34 
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