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摘要:
平陆运河建设需要长距离的深基坑开挖，会很大程度改变周边地下水流场。选择平陆运河重点开挖段为研究对象，建立三维地下水流数值模型，预测平陆运河施工期排水疏干和运营期蓄水浸没条件下的地下水流场变化。结果表明: 研究区现状地下水流场为北部郁江流域由南西向北东径流，南部钦江流域由北向南径流，而施工期和运营期地下水流场改变为地下水由东西向运河渠道段径流并排泄于运河，并随运河由北往南流入钦江。平陆运河施工期时，马道头梯级枢纽开挖深度最大，对周边地下水影响程度最大，造成地下水水位最大降深深度为63.1 m。而平陆运河运营蓄水引起地下水大范围下降的区域主要在运河各航道段，最大降深为20.8 m。模型预测结果反映了平陆运河建设对地下水流场的影响，为后续的水资源-环境管理制定监管方案和防治措施提供了数据支撑，有助于从源头上缓解运河建设可能引起的地下水环境问题。
Abstract:Pinglu Canal construction required long, deep foundation excavations that would largely alter the surrounding groundwater flow field. The key excavation section of Pinglu Canal was selected as the research object to establish a three-dimensional groundwater flow numerical model. The changes in the groundwater flow field under the condition of the drainage and drying period of Pinglu Canal construction and water storage submergence during operation were predicted. The results show that the current groundwater flow field in the study area is from south-west to north-east runoff in the northern Yujiang River basin and from north to south runoff in the southern Qinjiang River basin. And the groundwater flow field during the construction and operation phases was changed to the runoff of east-west canal channel section and discharged to the canal, and flowed into Qinjiang River with the canal from north to south. During the construction period of Pinglu Canal, the excavation depth of Madaotou cascade hubs was the largest, which had the greatest impact on the surrounding groundwater and resulted in the maximum groundwater level drawdown depth of 63.1 meters. The area with extensive groundwater level decline caused by the operation and water storage of Pinglu Canal was mainly in each navigation channel segment of the canal, with the maximum drawdown being 20.8 meters. The model prediction results have reflected the impacts of the construction of Pinglu Canal on the groundwater flow field, and provided data support for future of regulatory programs and preventive and control measures for subsequent water resource-environmental management, which could help alleviate the groundwater environmental problems that may be caused by the construction of the canal at the source.
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表 1 研究区渗流参数分区及赋值
Table 1. Seepage parameter zoning and assignment values of the study area
主要岩性 渗透系数/(m·d-1) 给水度 砾岩、泥质粉砂岩(K2) 0.480 0.020 泥灰岩(T1) 3.320 0.020 泥质粉砂岩(D1) 1.410 0.030 花岗岩(T2) 1.590 0.030 泥质灰岩(S3) 1.080 0.020 泥质硅岩(S2) 0.567 0.020 灰岩夹泥灰岩(D1) 0.667 0.010 泥质粉砂岩(P3、S3、D1) 0.010 0.001 
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表 2 研究区模型拟合误差检验统计
Table 2. Statistics of model fitting error testing of the study area
观测点 s21 SK02 JC2 SK03 s11 SK04 JC5 平均绝对残差 0.272 0.515 0.22 0.45 0.375 0.336 0.185 标准误差 0.048 0.019 0.02 0.048 0.064 0.023 0.022 相关系数 0.538 0.711 0.854 0.675 0.741 0.707 0.902
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