Determination of groundwater solute transport parameters in finite element modelling using tracer injection and withdrawal testing data
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Abstract:
The groundwater tracer injection and withdrawal tests are often carried out for the determination of aquifer solute transport parameters. However, the parameter analyses encounter a great difficulty due to the radial flow nature and the variability of the temporal boundary conditions. An adaptive methodology for the determination of groundwater solute transport parameters using tracer injection and withdrawal test data had been developed and illustrated through an actual case. The methodology includes the treatment of the tracer boundary condition at the tracer injection well, the normalization of tracer concentration, the groundwater solute transport finite element modelling and the method of least squares to optimize the parameters. An application of this methodology was carried out in a field test in the South of Hanoi city. The tested aquifer is Pleistocene aquifer, which is a main aquifer and has been providing domestic water supply to the city since the French time. Effective porosity of 0.31, longitudinal dispersivity of 2.2 m, and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients from D = 220 m2/d right outside the pumping well screen to D =15.8 m2/d right outside the tracer injection well screen have been obtained for the aquifer at the test site. The minimal sum of squares of the differences between the observed and model normalized tracer concentration is 0.00119, which is corresponding to the average absolute difference between observed and model normalized concentrations of 0.035 5 (while 1 is the worst and 0 is the best fit).
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Table 1. Estimated hydraulic parameters of the Pleistocene aquifer and well information in the testing area
Well Aquifer Well’s capacity (L/s) Drawdown (m) Hydraulic conductivity (m/d) Transmissivity (m2/d) LK114 qh 3.33 2.54 12.19 210 LK140A qp 13.20 7.88 20.71 290 LK141 qp 12.62 1.03 70.00 1 610 LK119A qh 3.84 1.15 9.20 260 LK120 qp 11.48 0.78 152.00 1 670 LK121 qp 12.33 2.05 36.82 630 LK122 qp 6.06 15.17 12.80 80 LK104 qp 6.67 2.35 22.68 410 LK101 qp 9.09 5.04 23.14 240 LK102 qp 12.50 0.87 58.05 1 680 LK103 qh 8.33 3.47 9.70 330 LK129 qp 21.79 1.09 83.53 2 510 LK110 qp 7.82 4.04 18.28 210 LK130 qh 0.40 16.19 
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Table 2. The average least squares and corresponding effective porosity and longitudinal dispersivity
neff aL (m) Average least squares neff aL (m) Average least squares neff aL (m) Average least squares 0.26 1.80 0.003 728 0.29 2.70 0.002 551 0.33 2.30 0.001 569 0.26 1.90 0.004 006 0.29 2.80 0.002 734 0.33 2.40 0.001 429 0.26 2.00 0.004 286 0.29 2.90 0.002 919 0.33 2.50 0.001 329 0.26 2.10 0.004 565 0.29 3.00 0.003 104 0.33 2.60 0.001 264 0.26 2.20 0.004 840 0.30 1.80 0.001 288 0.33 2.70 0.001 227 0.26 2.30 0.005 111 0.30 1.90 0.001 231 0.33 2.80 0.001 212 0.26 2.40 0.005 377 0.30 2.00 0.001 222 0.33 2.90 0.001 217 0.26 2.50 0.005 636 0.30 2.10 0.001 253 0.33 3.00 0.001 239 0.26 2.60 0.005 889 0.30 2.20 0.001 314 0.34 1.80 0.004 463 0.26 2.70 0.006 136 0.30 2.30 0.001 399 0.34 1.90 0.003 792 0.26 2.80 0.006 375 0.30 2.40 0.001 500 0.34 2.00 0.003 239 0.26 2.90 0.006 608 0.30 2.50 0.001 615 0.34 2.10 0.002 785 0.26 3.00 0.006 832 0.30 2.60 0.001 743 0.34 2.20 0.002 414 0.27 1.80 0.002 522 0.30 2.70 0.001 880 0.34 2.30 0.002 113 0.27 1.90 0.002 746 0.30 2.80 0.002 023 0.34 2.40 0.001 871 0.27 2.00 0.002 980 0.30 2.90 0.002 172 0.34 2.50 0.001 679 0.27 2.10 0.003 220 0.30 3.00 0.002 325 0.34 2.60 0.001 530 0.27 2.20 0.003 463 0.31 1.80 0.001 608 0.34 2.70 0.001 417 0.27 2.30 0.003 706 0.31 1.90 0.001 418 0.34 2.80 0.001 336 0.27 2.40 0.003 948 0.31 2.00 0.001 293 0.34 2.90 0.001 281 0.27 2.50 0.004 188 0.31 2.10 0.001 220 0.34 3.00 0.001 250 0.27 2.60 0.004 424 0.31 2.20 0.001 190 0.34 3.10 0.001 239 0.27 2.70 0.004 656 0.31 2.30 0.001 194 0.35 1.80 0.005 981 0.27 2.80 0.004 884 0.31 2.40 0.001 227 0.35 1.90 0.005 125 0.27 2.90 0.005 107 0.31 2.50 0.001 282 0.35 2.00 0.004 407 0.27 3.00 0.005 325 0.31 2.60 0.001 357 0.35 2.10 0.003 803 0.28 1.80 0.001 720 0.31 2.70 0.001 446 0.35 2.20 0.003 298 0.28 1.90 0.001 871 0.31 2.80 0.001 549 0.35 2.30 0.002 876 0.28 2.00 0.002 043 0.31 2.90 0.001 660 0.35 2.40 0.002 525 0.28 2.10 0.002 231 0.31 3.00 0.001 774 0.35 2.50 0.002 235 0.28 2.20 0.002 430 0.32 1.80 0.002 257 0.35 2.60 0.001 997 0.28 2.30 0.002 637 0.32 1.90 0.001 922 0.35 2.70 0.001 802 0.28 2.40 0.002 849 0.32 2.00 0.001 668 0.35 2.80 0.001 645 0.28 2.50 0.003 063 0.32 2.10 0.001 482 0.35 2.90 0.001 521 0.28 2.60 0.003 274 0.32 2.20 0.001 348 0.35 3.00 0.001 426 0.28 2.70 0.003 482 0.32 2.30 0.001 260 0.36 1.80 0.007 748 0.28 2.80 0.003 689 0.32 2.40 0.001 210 0.36 1.90 0.006 698 0.28 2.90 0.003 894 0.32 2.50 0.001 191 0.36 2.00 0.005 805 0.28 3.00 0.004 096 0.32 2.60 0.001 198 0.36 2.10 0.005 044 0.29 1.80 0.001 320 0.32 2.70 0.001 226 0.36 2.20 0.004 397 0.29 1.90 0.001 375 0.32 2.80 0.001 273 0.36 2.30 0.003 846 0.29 2.00 0.001 463 0.32 2.90 0.001 335 0.36 2.40 0.003 378 0.29 2.10 0.001 578 0.32 3.00 0.001 409 0.36 2.50 0.002 980 0.29 2.20 0.001 713 0.33 1.80 0.003 215 0.36 2.60 0.002 645 0.29 2.30 0.001 863 0.33 1.90 0.002 718 0.36 2.70 0.002 363 0.29 2.40 0.002 025 0.33 2.00 0.002 320 0.36 2.80 0.002 126 0.29 2.50 0.002 195 0.33 2.10 0.002 005 0.36 2.90 0.001 931 0.29 2.60 0.002 371 0.33 2.20 0.001 758 0.36 3.00 0.001 769
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