International Cooperative Geological Survey in Central Asia and Western Asia for Severing and Jointly Building the Belt and Road Initiative: Progresses, Achievements and Prospects
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摘要: 中亚、西亚及东欧国家与中国陆上相通，是丝绸之路的重要经济廊带。大地构造上，该区跨古亚洲和特提斯两大全球性构造-成矿域，元古宙至今其经历了多期次裂离、汇聚、增生和拼合的复杂演化过程和多期成矿作用，形成了众多世界级金属、非金属矿田和含油气盆地；其石油、天然气、铀、铜、铬、金、锰、铅锌、钾盐、硼、石墨等矿产资源探明储量位居世界前列。该区多数国家以资源驱动型经济为主，采矿业或油气工业为支柱产业，对于开展国际地质调查科研合作，交流地质调查与矿产勘查的理念与技术，服务和促进本国矿业经济可持续发展的愿望和需求十分强烈。笔者简要回顾了20年来西安地质调查中心与中亚、西亚及东欧国家开展的国际合作地质调查工作基本情况，重点介绍了与相关国家在地质矿产综合编图、跨境外矿带基础地质与成矿规律对比，地球化学合作填图、矿产资源潜力评价等方面所取得的重要进展成果和服务共建“一带一路”所取得的重要成效，并以合作共建中国-上合组织地学合作研究中心、服务“一带一路”高质量发展为目标，对未来与中亚、西亚及东欧国家进一步开展国际地质调查与科研合作进行展望。Abstract: Central Asia, western Asia and eastern Europe, the important corridor of the Economic Belt of the Silk Road, are connected with China on land. Tectonically, the main part of these areas stretches across the global tectonic-metallogenic domain of Paleo-Asian and Tethys Ocean, and has experienced complex geological evolution processes including supercontinent breakup, convergence, accretion, assemblage and multi-stage mineralization and formed many world-class mineral deposits and petroliferous basins. The reserves of petroleum, natural gas, uranium, copper, chromium, gold, manganese, lead, zinc, potassium salt, Boron, graphite and other mineral resources in these areas rank among the top in the world. Most of the countries in the region are mainly resource-driven economy, with mining or petroleum gas industries as their pillar industries, and have strong will for international technical cooperation and exchange on geoscientific research, geological survey and mineral exploration, so as to serve and promote the sustainable development of mining. This paper gives a brief review of the basic situation of international cooperation between Xi'an Geological Survey Center and the countries in Central Asia, Western Asia and Eastern Europe in the past 20 years, and introduces the mainly progresses and achievements on comprehensive mapping of geology, mineral resources, geochemistry, and the geological comparing of cross-border metallogenic belts and assessing of mineral resources potential, et on, all of which are important for jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative. With the goal of jointly building a China-SCO Geosciences Research Centre and serving the high-quality development of Belt and Road Initiative, the future international cooperation about geological survey and geoscientific research with countries in Central Asia, West Asia and Eastern Europe is prospected.
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