Sensitivity evaluation of Karst rock desertification based on its formation mechanism: A case study of Qianxi County in Guizhou Province
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摘要:
在遥感解译和野外调查基础上，通过分析石漠化的成因与形成机理，找出影响石漠化敏感性的主要自然因素，选取年降雨量、坡度、岩性组合、土壤质地和植被覆盖度5个指标，在GIS的支持下，采用改进的层次分析法，开展了黔西县石漠化敏感性评价。结果表明：黔西县石漠化仍然处于较为敏感状态，中度、高度和极敏感区域的面积合计为1176.39 km2，占46.97%，发生石漠化可能性依然存在；中度、高度和极敏感区主要分布于洪水—仁和、定新—重新、五里—沙井和钟山—铁石—素朴等区域，与石漠化土地的分布区域一致；绝大部分石漠化高度敏感区和极敏感区分布在三叠系碳酸盐岩地层中，嘉陵江组是敏感性最高的地层单元；通过综合研究石漠化各相关因素的作用机理和内在联系及继承关系来比较各相关因素的重要性，可以替代专家调查表方法，来降低层次分析法的随意性和主观性。
Abstract:Based on remote sensing interpretation and field investigation, this paper analyzes the causes and formation mechanisms of rocky desertification, aiming to identify the impact of key natural factors on the sensitivity of Karst rock desertification. The annual rainfall, slope, lithology, soil texture, and vegetation coverage are selected as indicators for evaluating the sensitivity of Karst rock desertification. The sensitivity evaluation of Karst rock desertification is carried out by using improved analytic hierarchy process, with the support of GIS, in Qianxi County, Guizhou Province. The results reveal that Karst rock desertification remains sensitive, with the total area of moderate, strong, and extremely high sensitivity amounting to 1176.39 km2, representing 46.97% of the studied areas, and the possibility of Karst rock desertification still exists. The moderate, strong and extremely sensitive areas are mainly distributed in Hongshui-Renhe, Dingxin-Chongxin, Wuli-Shajing and Zhongshan-Tieshi-Supu, which are consistent with the distribution pattern of rocky desertification land. Most of the strong sensitive and extremely sensitive areas of rocky desertification are distributed in the Triassic carbonate strata, and the Jialingjiang Formation is the most sensitive stratigraphic unit. Through comprehensively studying the mechanism of various related factors of rock desertification and comparing the importance of each related factor based on their internal relationships and inheritance relationships, we can replace expert questionnaire methods to reduce the arbitrariness and subjectivity of the analytic hierarchy process.
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表 1 黔西县碳酸盐岩酸不溶物含量统计
Table 1. Content of acid insoluble residues in carbonate rocks of Qianxi County
样品编号 采样地层 岩性 酸不溶物含量 H001 嘉陵江组 白云质灰岩 5.48% H002 嘉陵江组 生物碎屑灰岩 1.09% H003 嘉陵江组 灰岩 3.30% H004 嘉陵江组 灰岩 1.40% H005 嘉陵江组 灰岩 3.36% H006 嘉陵江组 灰质白云岩 2.19% H007 嘉陵江组 灰质白云岩 2.45% H008 嘉陵江组 灰岩 3.29% H009 嘉陵江组 灰岩 2.85% H010 嘉陵江组 灰岩 3.54% H011 嘉陵江组 灰岩 3.93% H012 嘉陵江组 灰岩 1.74% H013 嘉陵江组 灰岩 2.47% H014 嘉陵江组 灰岩 5.76% H015 嘉陵江组 灰岩 1.39% H016 嘉陵江组 灰岩 4.71% H017 嘉陵江组 灰岩 4.33% H018 嘉陵江组 灰岩 4.28% H019 嘉陵江组 灰岩 1.18% H020 关岭组 泥质白云岩 8.27% H021 关岭组 泥质灰岩 14.63% H022 关岭组 灰岩 1.87% H023 关岭组 泥质白云岩 8.73% H024 夜郎组二段 灰岩 2.65% H025 嘉陵江组 灰岩 0.89% H026 关岭组 泥质白云岩 8.41% H027 关岭组 泥质白云岩 7.98% H028 嘉陵江组 灰岩 2.00% H030 嘉陵江组 灰岩 2.86% H032 夜郎组二段 泥质灰岩 10.71% H033 夜郎组二段 灰岩 2.37% H034 关岭组 泥质白云岩 15.68% H035 关岭组 灰岩 3.33% H036 关岭组 灰岩 5.78% H037 嘉陵江组 灰岩 1.36% H038 关岭组 泥质白云岩 8.09% H039 关岭组 砂质白云岩 20.69% 平均值 5.00% 
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表 2 黔西县石漠化敏感性评价指标
Table 2. Indicators of sensitivity evaluation of Karst rock desertification in Qianxi County
分级 不敏感 轻度敏感 中度敏感 高度敏感 极敏感 年降雨量 ＜400 mm 400～800 mm 800～ 1500 mm1500 ～2000 mm＞ 2000 mm坡度 0～5° 5°～15° 15°～25° 25°～35° ＞35° 岩性组合 非可溶性岩石 不纯碳酸盐岩 白云岩夹灰岩 灰岩、白云岩 灰岩夹白云岩 土壤质地 石砾、沙 粗砂土、细砂土、
黏土面砂土、壤土 砂壤土、粉黏土、
壤黏土砂粉土、粉土 植被覆盖度 高覆盖
（＞60%）中高覆盖
（45%～60%）中低覆盖
（30%～45%）低覆盖
（10%～30%）裸地
（＜10%）分级赋值（C） 1 3 5 7 9 分级标准（SS） 1.0～2.0 2.0～4.0 4.0～6.0 6.0～8.0 ＞8.0
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表 3 判断矩阵与层次排序
Table 3. Judgment matrix and hierarchical sorting
A D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 W 排序 D1 1 1/3 1/5 1/3 1/7 0.0464 5 D2 3 1 1/3 3 1/3 0.1551 3 D3 5 3 1 3 1/3 0.2642 2 D4 3 1/3 1/3 1 1/3 0.0985 4 D5 7 3 3 3 1 0.4359 1 注：A表示总目标−黔西县石漠化敏感性；D1表示年降雨量单因子敏感性；D2表示坡度单因子敏感性；D3表示岩性单因子敏感性；D4表示土壤质地单因子敏感性；D5表示植被覆盖度单因子敏感性；W表示计算出来的权重。
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表 4 黔西县石漠化敏感性统计
Table 4. The areas and their percentages of each Karst rock desertification sensitivity class in Qianxi County
石漠化敏感性 面积/km2 百分比/% 不敏感 118.78 4.74 轻度敏感 1209.39 48.29 中度敏感 866.34 34.59 高度敏感 303.65 12.12 极敏感 6.40 0.26
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