Distribution of high-quality reservoir of the second member of Xujiahe Formation in western Yuanba area, northeastern Sichuan Basin
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摘要:
川东北元坝地区须家河组二段致密砂岩气资源潜力巨大，但储量探明率低、测试效果差异大，主要原因之一是致密砂岩储层非均质性强、优质储层分布规律不清。本文充分利用测录井、岩心及相关分析化验等资料，在分砂组刻画沉积微相展布的基础上，开展了须二段沉积演化过程、储层特征及其分布研究。结果表明：（1）元坝西部须二段经历了辫状河三角洲-滨浅湖-辫状河三角洲演化过程，沉积控制了砂体规模、粒度和矿物成分的空间变化；（2）须二段砂岩类型多样，整体致密，为低孔、低渗储层；储层物性与砂岩粒度，长石、石英和方解石胶结物含量等因素密切相关，这些因素主要受沉积和后期成岩作用控制；（3）须二段发育块状中粒长石岩屑砂岩和交错层理中粒石英砂岩两类有利岩石相，前者自西北向东南逐渐减薄、呈条带状展布，后者呈不连续土豆状，主体分布于西南部地区。
Abstract:The potential for tight sandstone gas resources in the second member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Yuanba area of northeast Sichuan is enormous, but the proven reserves are low and the testing results vary widely, mainly due to strong heterogeneity of the tight sandstone reservoirs and unclear distribution pattern of high-quality reservoirs. This research makes full use of well logging, core samples, and related analysis and testing data to characterize the sedimentary microfacies distribution in the Second Member of the Xujiahe Formation based on sedimentary facies division, and carries out investigations into the sedimentary evolution process, reservoir characteristics, and distribution of the reservoirs.The results show that: (1) The second member of Xujiahe Formation in the west of Yuanba area has undergone an evolutionary process from braided delta to shallow lacustrine to braided delta, with sedimentation controlling the spatial variation in sand body size, grain size, and mineral composition; (2) The second member of Xujiahe Formation contains diverse types of sandstone, which are tight in the overall, and are low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs. The physical properties of reservoirs are closely related to factors such as sandstone grain size, feldspar, quartz, and calcite cement content, which are mainly controlled by sedimentation and later diagenesis; (3) There are two favorable lithofacies in the second member of the Xujiahe Formation: massive medium-grain feldspathic lithic sandstone and cross-bedded medium-grain quartz sandstone. The former gradually thins from the northwest to the southeast and spreads in strips, while the latter is discontinuous and potato-shaped, primarily distributed in the southwestern region.
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表 1 川东北元坝西部须二段各类沉积微相的岩性和测井曲线特征
Table 1. Lithology and log characteristics of sedimentary microfacies of the second member of Xujiahe Formation in western Yuanba area
沉积微相 岩性特征 测井曲线特征 典型曲线 水下分流河道 厚层砂岩，以中粒（长石）岩屑砂岩为主，少量中粒岩屑石英砂若和细粒（长石）岩屑砂岩 中幅微齿化钟形、箱形或
上钟下箱复合形，顶底突
变接触或底突变接触
席状砂 薄层砂岩，以细粒岩屑砂岩和
粉砂岩为主低-中幅，曲线形态多为
低频背景上的小漏斗形
分流间湾 炭质泥岩为主，夹粉
砂岩和煤层高频齿化、低幅，位于
水下分流河道之上
前三角洲泥 岩性较纯，以泥岩为主 微齿化、低幅平直，GR、
DEN高值，AC低值
滨浅湖滩坝 细、中粒石英砂岩 高幅箱形或漏斗形，GR
低值，较分流河道低；
CNL、DEN低值，AC中-高值
滨浅湖泥 稳定分布的炭质泥岩，
夹薄层粉、细粒石英砂岩高频齿化、低幅，位于
滨浅湖滩坝上下
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表 2 川东北元坝西部Tx2（下2）砂组不同地区砂体发育特征统计表
Table 2. Statistical table of mineral composition of the second member of Xujiahe Formation in different areas of western Yuanba area
元坝西部 平均厚度/m 砂地比/% 水下分流河道砂岩碎屑矿物含量/% 地层 砂岩 石英 长石 岩屑 西北部 64.65 53.28 82.27 46.8 15.8 29 东南部 55.01 37.16 67.56 54.8 6.5 28.23 注：地层厚度和砂地比数据依据西北部21口井，东南部32口井；矿物成分据西北部262个样品，东南部98个样品。
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表 3 川东北元坝西部须二段有利岩石相测井识别标准
Table 3. Log characteristic of high-quality lithofacies of the second member of Xujiahe Formation in western Yuanba area
有利岩石相 测井解释标准（GR/API, RD/Ω·m, CNL/%, DEN/（g·cm−3）） 中粒长石岩屑砂岩 51≤GR<68 && RD<56 &&DEN<DEN1 中粒石英砂岩 GR<45 && CNL<4.8 &&DEN>2.52 注：表中DEN1=− 0.0187 ×CNL+2.8606 5
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