Comparative study on the development characteristics of co-seismic geohazards from the Dingri Ms6.8 and Jishishan Ms6.2 earthquakes
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摘要:
2025年定日Ms6.8地震和2023年积石山Ms6.2地震是最近分别发生在青藏高原南部和北部的两次强震事件。两次事件均导致了比较显著的同震地质灾害现象，但是由于断层类型、地形地貌、地质条件的差异，两个地震影响区内的同震地质灾害类型、空间分布及发育密度等都呈现出显著差异性。为揭示正断层和逆断层地震诱发地质灾害发育规律的差异性，采用地面调查、遥感综合解译、空间分析等方法，对比分析了定日和积石山地震影响区内地质灾害的分布规律与控制因子。结果表明：两次地震诱发同震地质灾害的垂向空间展布相反，即定日地震（正断层）主要分布在上盘，而积石山地震（逆断层）主要分布在下盘。研究表明，地震影响区的岩土体特征及地形地貌是导致地震诱发地质灾害类型与发育密度差异性的主控因子，即两个震区均以崩塌和滑坡为主，但定日震区灾害点沿河呈线状分布，发育密度相对较低，积石山震区灾害点主要沿黄土台地边缘或深切台地的沟谷边坡呈散点状分布，而且发育密度相对较高。综合分析认为，在地震活动区，防范地震地质灾害和评价其易发性时，应综合考虑特殊岩土体、气候和地形条件等的影响。
Abstract:The 2025 Ms6.8 Dingri earthquake and the 2023 Ms6.2 Jishishan earthquake were two recent strong seismic events that occurred in the southern and northern parts of the Qingzang (Tibet) Plateau, respectively. Both events triggered significant co-seismic geohazards. However, due to differences in fault types, geomorphology, and geological conditions, the types, spatial distribution, and development density of the co-seismic geohazards in the impact zones of the two earthquakes exhibited notable differences. To reveal the differences in the development patterns of geohazards triggered by normal and thrust faulting earthquakes, this study employed field investigations, remote sensing interpretation, and spatial analysis to compare the distribution patterns and controlling factors of geohazards in the impact zones of the Dingri and Jishishan earthquakes. The results indicate that the vertical spatial distribution of co-seismic geohazards triggered by the two earthquakes was inversely related: the Dingri earthquake (normal fault) primarily occurred in the upper plate, while the Jishishan earthquake (thrust fault) mainly occurred in the lower plate. The study found that the lithological and geomorphological characteristics of the earthquake impact zones were the primary controlling factors for the differences in the types and densities of earthquake-induced geohazards. Specifically, both earthquake zones were dominated by collapses and landslides, but the distribution patterns differed: In the Dingri earthquake zone, geohazards were linearly distributed along rivers with relatively low densities, while in the Jishishan earthquake zone, geohazards were scattered along the edges of loess platforms or deeply incised valleys with relatively high densities. Comprehensive analysis suggests that when assessing the risk and preventability of earthquake-induced geohazards in seismically active areas, it is essential to consider the combined effects of factors such as special lithological and geomorphological conditions, climate, and terrain.
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表 1 震区震前地质灾害点统计表
Table 1. Statistics of geological disaster points before the earthquakes
震中位置 地震烈度/度 滑坡/处 泥石流/处 崩塌/处 不稳定斜坡/处 合计/处 密度/（处/100 km2） 定日县 Ⅵ 98 476 91 / 665 3.82 Ⅶ 9 143 37 / 189 3.53 Ⅷ 1 12 2 / 15 1.73 Ⅸ 0 7 4 / 11 2.68 合计 108 638 134 / 880 3.66 积石山 Ⅵ 385 193 56 199 833 12.32 Ⅶ 179 39 29 87 334 21.18 Ⅷ 33 9 12 27 81 23.08 合计 597 241 97 313 1248 14.36 
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